The Role of Low-Cost Microsurgical Training Models and Experience with Exercises Based on a Bovine Heart

Microscopic training is essential for development of neurosurgical skills. A range of models is reported in the literature for this purpose, including live animals, exvivo, and synthetic material. Among the factors involved in selection and development of a training station, cost is a decisive one.

We present a low-cost model to practice microvascular anastomoses using a bovine heart and an artificial perfusion system. We also present a brief review of laboratory models for microsurgical training, focusing on the costs and reproducibility of the different options.

Exvivo models are a great bridging point between nonbiologic and living animal training models. These models have major similarities to human vessels, such as lumen size and malleability of the arteries. The bovine heart model allowed the residents to gain confidence in handling vascular tissue in a microscopic environment.

Although these models do not resemble anatomic landmarks in the human brain, the bovine heart model allowed the residents to gain confidence in handling vascular tissue in a microscopic environment.