Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electrical Current01:10

Electrical Current

6.9K
Electrical current is defined as the rate at which charge flows. When there is a large current present, such as that used to run a refrigerator, a large amount of charge moves through the wire in a small amount of time. If the current is small, such as that used to operate a handheld calculator, a small amount of charge moves through the circuit over a long period of time. The SI unit for current is the ampere (A), named for the French physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836).
6.9K
Significance of Displacement Current01:27

Significance of Displacement Current

5.8K
A displacement current is analogous to a real current in Ampère's law, participating in Ampère's law the same way as the usual conduction current. However, it is produced by a changing electric field. Displacement current is defined in terms of a time-varying electric field, and also has an associated displacement current density. By adding a term accounting for displacement current, Maxwell modified the existing Ampère's law, which is now called generalized Ampère's law.
5.8K
Current Trends in Nursing I01:28

Current Trends in Nursing I

5.3K
Current trends in nursing include:
5.3K
Current Trends in Nursing II01:30

Current Trends in Nursing II

3.4K
Trends in nursing are multifactorial and associated with changes in society, within the nursing profession, and in other professions. Notably, telehealth and remote nursing contribute to successful healthcare delivery for numerous patients and help reduce stress for nurses due to nursing shortages. Nurses can reach patients, monitor their conditions, and interact with them using computers, audio, visual accessories, and telephones—for example, remote patient monitoring systems. Likewise,...
3.4K
Charge and Current01:14

Charge and Current

5.2K
Electric charge is the most fundamental quantity in an electric circuit. The effects of electric charge are encountered daily, such as when a wool sweater sticks to the human body or when a person receives a shock while walking on a carpet.
Charge is an inherent property of the atomic particles that make up matter and is measured in units called coulombs (C). Matter is composed of atoms, each consisting of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Electrons have a negative charge (-e), while protons...
5.2K
Current Dividers01:10

Current Dividers

1.0K
In parallel electrical connections, resistors are linked between the same pair of nodes, creating an equal voltage across each resistor. Kirchhoff's current law is applied to these connections, establishing that the sum of currents through these resistors equals the source current. Utilizing Ohm's law, the source current is determined as the product of the source voltage and the sum of the reciprocals of individual resistances. This relationship simplifies the process of finding the current...
1.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Direct Diagnostic Tests for Lyme Disease.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2018
Same author

It's all in the timing: Acceptability of a financial incentive intervention for linkage to HIV care in the HPTN 065 (TLC-Plus) study.

PloS one·2018
Same author

Acute HIV Discovered During Routine HIV Screening With HIV Antigen-Antibody Combination Tests in 9 US Emergency Departments.

Annals of emergency medicine·2018
Same author

Advances in Serodiagnostic Testing for Lyme Disease Are at Hand.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2017
Same author

Expanding Hospital Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing in the Bronx, New York and Washington, District of Columbia: Results From the HPTN 065 Study.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2017
Same author

"It Makes You Feel Like Someone Cares" acceptability of a financial incentive intervention for HIV viral suppression in the HPTN 065 (TLC-Plus) study.

PloS one·2017

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Combined Supine and Standing Imaging for Varicocele: An Improved Diagnostic Approach
04:15

Combined Supine and Standing Imaging for Varicocele: An Improved Diagnostic Approach

Published on: November 22, 2024

648

HIV Diagnostics: Current Recommendations and Opportunities for Improvement.

Bernard M Branson1

  • 1Scientific Affairs LLC, 2175 Eldorado Drive, Atlanta, GA 30345, USA.

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America
|June 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Technological advancements have transformed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing. Modern assays offer early detection, but treatments like antiretroviral therapy can complicate results.

Keywords:
HIV antibody testHIV diagnosisHIV testingHIV testing algorithmHIV viral load

More Related Videos

Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty
07:27

Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty

Published on: October 6, 2016

10.6K
Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
05:46

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

18.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Combined Supine and Standing Imaging for Varicocele: An Improved Diagnostic Approach
04:15

Combined Supine and Standing Imaging for Varicocele: An Improved Diagnostic Approach

Published on: November 22, 2024

648
Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty
07:27

Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty

Published on: October 6, 2016

10.6K
Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
05:46

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

18.3K

Area of Science:

  • Clinical diagnostics
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Early human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnostic tests primarily detected immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies.
  • Technological evolution has led to advanced laboratory testing methods for HIV.
  • Current recommendations favor fourth-generation assays for initial HIV screening due to their rapid reactivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the advancements in laboratory testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
  • To discuss the utility of HIV-1 RNA viral load assays in conjunction with initial screening.
  • To highlight how early therapeutic interventions can impact biomarker evolution and diagnostic accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of technological evolution in HIV immunoassays.
  • Discussion of fourth-generation chemiluminescent assay performance.
  • Analysis of HIV-1 RNA viral load assay integration for confirmation and clinical information.
  • Consideration of the impact of early antiretroviral therapy and pre-exposure prophylaxis on assay results.

Main Results:

  • Fourth-generation assays provide rapid detection, becoming reactive as early as two weeks post-infection.
  • HIV-1 RNA viral load assays can confirm infection and offer valuable clinical data.
  • Early treatment initiation and pre-exposure prophylaxis can influence biomarker expression and assay interpretation.

Conclusions:

  • Modern HIV testing has significantly improved early detection capabilities.
  • The combination of screening assays and viral load testing enhances diagnostic confirmation and clinical utility.
  • Interference from early therapeutic interventions necessitates careful interpretation of HIV test results.