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A microRNA, miR-34, controls wing polyphenism in brown planthoppers by linking juvenile hormone (JH) and insulin signaling. This discovery reveals a complex feedback loop integrating key regulators for insect adaptation.

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Area of Science:

  • Entomology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Polyphenism allows organisms to adapt to environmental shifts.
  • Brown planthoppers (BPH) exhibit wing polyphenism (long-winged vs. short-winged).
  • Insulin receptor (InR) and juvenile hormone (JH) are known regulators, but their interaction is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of microRNA (miRNA) in BPH wing polyphenism.
  • To investigate the interaction between JH, insulin/IGF signaling (IIS), and wing morph determination.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the function of Nlu-miR-34 in BPH.
  • Utilized agomir and antagomir to overexpress and knockdown miR-34.
  • Analyzed the effects of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and JH application.
  • Examined the impact of IIS gene knockdown on JH and miR-34 levels.

Main Results:

  • Nlu-miR-34 is abundant in short-winged (SW) BPH and targets NlInR1.
  • Overexpressing miR-34 induced SW development; knockdown promoted long-winged (LW) forms.
  • JH application upregulated miR-34 and increased SW morphs.
  • 20E downregulated miR-34 but did not alter wing morphs.

Conclusions:

  • miRNA (miR-34) mediates crosstalk between JH, 20E, and IIS pathways.
  • A positive feedback loop involving these factors regulates BPH wing polyphenism.
  • This study reveals a comprehensive mechanism integrating known regulators of insect wing polyphenism.