Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What is an Electrochemical Gradient?01:26

What is an Electrochemical Gradient?

127.4K
Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is considered the primary energy source in cells. However, energy can also be stored in the electrochemical gradient of an ion across the plasma membrane, which is determined by two factors: its chemical and electrical gradients.
The chemical gradient relies on differences in the abundance of a substance on the outside versus the inside of a cell and flows from areas of high to low ion concentration. In contrast, the electrical gradient revolves around an...
127.4K
Switching of BJT01:22

Switching of BJT

812
Switching behavior in Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) is a fundamental aspect utilized in various electronic circuits, particularly for digital logic applications like switches and amplifiers. In a typical switching circuit, a BJT alternates between cut-off and saturation modes, corresponding to the "off" and "on" states, respectively, thus behaving like an ideal switch.
Cut-off Mode ("Off" State): In this state, both the emitter-base and collector-base junctions are...
812
The Extracellular Matrix01:42

The Extracellular Matrix

88.3K
Overview
88.3K
Second-Order Circuits01:17

Second-Order Circuits

3.3K
Integrating two fundamental energy storage elements in electrical circuits results in second-order circuits, encompassing RLC circuits and circuits with dual capacitors or inductors (RC and RL circuits). Second-order circuits are identified by second-order differential equations that link input and output signals.
Input signals typically originate from voltage or current sources, with the output often representing voltage across the capacitor and/or current through the inductor. For example, in...
3.3K
First-Order Circuits01:15

First-Order Circuits

3.3K
First-order electrical circuits, which comprise resistors and a single energy storage element - either a capacitor or an inductor, are fundamental to many electronic systems. These circuits are governed by a first-order differential equation that describes the relationship between input and output signals.
One common example of a first-order circuit is the RC (resistor-capacitor) circuit. These circuits are used in relaxation oscillators such as neon lamp oscillator circuits. When voltage is...
3.3K
The Y-to-Y Circuit01:19

The Y-to-Y Circuit

735
In a balanced four-wire wye-to-wye system, the arrangement involves wye-connected sinusoidal voltage sources and loads, connected through a neutral wire that links the neutral nodes of the source and load. The load impedance is connected across each phase of the load. The wye-connected source can be connected to the wye-connected load in four-wire and three-wire arrangements. A three-phase system is considered balanced when the load on each phase is equal, leading to uniform current flow and...
735

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

IRG1/Itaconate Inhibits Microglial Senescence-Like Transition by Modulating Mitochondrial Dynamics through Rhoa Alkylation in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Aging and disease·2026
Same author

Examining public acceptance intentions for government digital human through expectation confirmation and technology acceptance models.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

A high-linearity, low-power 10-mm MEMS fast steering mirror with enhanced shock robustness for space laser communications.

Optics letters·2026
Same author

Boosting photoreduction of CO<sub>2</sub><i>via</i> synergistic Cu-Ag bimetallic sites on carbon nitride.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

Synergistically enhanced CO<sub>2</sub> photoreduction <i>via</i> mesoporous silica-mediated electronic modulation and surface engineering of copper-modified graphitic carbon nitride.

Nanoscale·2026
Same author

Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and adolescent health: a narrative review.

Frontiers in public health·2026
Same journal

Age-Related Concentric Remodeling and Sex-Dependent Dimensional Variation in Left Ventricular Geometry: A Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Study.

Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.)·2026
Same journal

Opportunistic Screening for Low Bone Density Using Automated Vertebral Trabecular CT Attenuation from Low-Dose CT Acquired During FDG PET/CT: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.)·2026
Same journal

Machine Learning-Based Classification of BI-RADS 4 and BI-RADS 5 Microcalcifications in Mammography Combined with DCE-MRI for Malignant-Benign Discrimination.

Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.)·2026
Same journal

Image Quality Assessment of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) and Its Impact on Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) as a Quantitative Imaging Biomarker for Predicting Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in High-Risk Early Breast Cancer.

Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.)·2026
Same journal

Relationship Between Cervical Central Canal and Neural Foraminal Dimensions in a Normative Population.

Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.)·2026
Same journal

AI-Based Scientific Manuscript Peer Review: Is It Ready for Adoption?

Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Planar Gradient Diffusion System to Investigate Chemotaxis in a 3D Collagen Matrix
09:26

Planar Gradient Diffusion System to Investigate Chemotaxis in a 3D Collagen Matrix

Published on: June 12, 2015

8.9K

Switching Circuit Optimization for Matrix Gradient Coils.

Stefan Kroboth1, Kelvin J Layton2, Feng Jia1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany and.

Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.)
|June 28, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an algorithm to minimize switches in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gradient coil systems. Optimized switching circuits reduce hardware complexity and cost by up to 44% without impacting performance.

Keywords:
combinatorial optimizationmagnetic resonance imagingmatrix gradient coilnonlinear encodingswitching circuit

More Related Videos

Combining Wet and Dry Lab Techniques to Guide the Crystallization of Large Coiled-coil Containing Proteins
11:14

Combining Wet and Dry Lab Techniques to Guide the Crystallization of Large Coiled-coil Containing Proteins

Published on: January 6, 2017

8.4K
Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
10:00

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Published on: November 11, 2013

13.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Planar Gradient Diffusion System to Investigate Chemotaxis in a 3D Collagen Matrix
09:26

Planar Gradient Diffusion System to Investigate Chemotaxis in a 3D Collagen Matrix

Published on: June 12, 2015

8.9K
Combining Wet and Dry Lab Techniques to Guide the Crystallization of Large Coiled-coil Containing Proteins
11:14

Combining Wet and Dry Lab Techniques to Guide the Crystallization of Large Coiled-coil Containing Proteins

Published on: January 6, 2017

8.4K
Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
10:00

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Published on: November 11, 2013

13.2K

Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Computational Optimization

Background:

  • Matrix gradient coils in MRI utilize numerous coil elements, ideally driven by individual amplifiers.
  • Driving each element separately is often technically and financially prohibitive.
  • Connecting elements in series into clusters, driven by single amplifiers, offers a practical alternative.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an algorithm for minimizing the number of switches required to transition between different gradient coil configurations.
  • To reduce the technical and financial overhead associated with implementing and operating matrix gradient coils.
  • To maintain the accuracy of field generation despite hardware simplification.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling the switching circuit problem using graph theory.
  • Decomposing the problem into two sequential combinatorial optimization tasks.
  • Solving the optimization problems using simulated annealing algorithms.
  • Evaluating the performance of optimized switching circuits against unoptimized ones.

Main Results:

  • The developed algorithm effectively minimizes the number of required switches for matrix gradient coils.
  • Optimized circuits demonstrated a reduction in switches ranging from 8% to 44%, averaging 31%.
  • The reduction in switches was achieved without compromising the ability of configurations to generate desired magnetic fields accurately.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed algorithm offers a significant reduction in hardware complexity and cost for MRI systems.
  • This optimization streamlines the implementation and operation of advanced matrix gradient coil systems.
  • The findings highlight a practical approach to enhance the efficiency and feasibility of MRI hardware.