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Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
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Hydrophobic surface modified HfO2 antireflective coatings.

Sadaf Bashir Khan1,2, Zhengjun Zhang3, Shern Long Lee1

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Researchers developed a surface modification for hafnium dioxide (HfO2) antireflective (AR) nanofilms, transforming them from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. This preserves the AR efficiency and refractive index, crucial for high-tech applications in various environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Thin Film Technology
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Antireflective (AR) thin films are essential for advanced technological applications.
  • Hydrophilic surfaces of AR nanofilms can be problematic for long-term performance in humid conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a surface modification technique for HfO2 AR nanofilms.
  • To convert hydrophilic HfO2 AR nanofilms to a hydrophobic state.
  • To ensure the modification does not compromise nanostructure, morphology, refractive index, or AR efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Surface modification of HfO2 AR nanofilms.
  • Characterization of surface properties using water contact angle (WCA) measurements.
  • Evaluation of AR efficiency and refractive index before and after modification.

Main Results:

  • HfO2 AR nanofilms transitioned from hydrophilic (WCA 22°-29°) to hydrophobic (WCA 127°-130°) after surface treatment.
  • AR efficiency was maintained at <1% in the visible range (450-700 nm) on FTO and sapphire substrates.
  • Refractive index and nanostructure remained unchanged post-modification.

Conclusions:

  • A cost-effective method was established to impart hydrophobic properties to hydrophilic AR films.
  • The modified HfO2 AR nanofilms exhibit non-wetting behavior suitable for moist environments.
  • The surface modification ensures long-term AR permanency without compromising optical properties.