Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Distributions to Estimate Population Parameter01:26

Distributions to Estimate Population Parameter

5.0K
The accurate values of population parameters such as population proportion, population mean, and population standard deviation (or variance) are usually unknown. These are fixed values that can only be estimated from the data collected from the samples. The estimates of each of these parameters are sample proportion, the sample mean, and sample standard deviation (or variance). To obtain the values of these sample statistics, data are required that have particular distribution and central...
5.0K
Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations01:15

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations

239
Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is commonly administered via intermittent intravenous infusion to treat severe infections. An intermittent one-hour infusion of gentamicin, administered at eight-hour intervals, allows for precise control of plasma drug concentrations, minimizing toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacokinetic principles govern the dynamics of plasma concentrations and can be mathematically described using specific equations.The plasma drug concentration...
239
Maximum Deflection01:13

Maximum Deflection

1.0K
When analyzing beams under unsymmetrical loads, such as a train moving on a bridge, it is crucial to accurately determine the points of maximum stress and deflection. The process involves identifying the maximum deflection of the beam, which may not always occur at its midpoint due to the uneven distribution of the load.
The maximum deflection occurs at a specific point, known as point O, where the tangent to the deflection curve is horizontal. To find point O, the slope of the tangent at any...
1.0K
Maximum Power Transfer01:16

Maximum Power Transfer

847
Numerous practical applications within engineering disciplines, such as telecommunications, necessitate optimizing power delivery to a connected load. This pursuit, however, entails inherent internal losses, which can either equal or exceed the power supplied to the load. The Thevenin equivalent circuit is helpful in finding the maximum power a linear circuit can deliver to a load. It is assumed in this context that the load resistance can be adjusted.
By substituting the entire circuit with...
847
Maximum Size of Aggregate01:12

Maximum Size of Aggregate

528
The maximum size of aggregate is defined as the aperture of the sieve retaining 15 percent or more of the particles present in the aggregate sample. The aggregate's maximum size impacts the concrete's water requirement, workability, and strength. Larger aggregates reduce the surface area needing cement paste coverage, which can lower water needs, thereby allowing a decrease in the water-to-cement ratio when the desired workability and richness of the mix are to be maintained, which can...
528
The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem01:20

The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

1.2K
Consider a linear AC Thevenin equivalent circuit connected to a load impedance.
The load connected draws the current, and the circuit delivers the power to the load. The alternating current flowing through the load is determined using the rectangular form of voltages, currents, network impedance, and load impedance. The average power delivered to the load is obtained from the product of the square of current and load resistance.
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Genomic prediction of wild-derived powdery mildew resistance for strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) pre-breeding.

Heredity·2026
Same author

A computationally feasible multi-trait single-step genomic prediction model with trait-specific marker weights.

Genetics, selection, evolution : GSE·2024
Same author

Single-step genomic BLUP with genetic groups and automatic adjustment for allele coding.

Genetics, selection, evolution : GSE·2022
Same author

Single-step genomic evaluation of Russian dairy cattle using internal and external information.

Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie·2021
Same author

Genomic selection strategies for breeding adaptation and production in dairy cattle under climate change.

Heredity·2019
Same author

Joint breeding value evaluation for fertility in Finnish and Norwegian blue foxes.

Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie·2018
Same journal

Impact of Estimating Genetic Variance in the Target Group on Reliability Metrics of the Linear Regression Validation Method Under Selection.

Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie·2026
Same journal

Evaluating the Predictive Value of Estimated Breeding Values of Piétrain Sires for Uniformity and Survival in Their Crossbred Progeny.

Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie·2026
Same journal

Genetic Evaluation of Growth Rate and Kleiber's Ratio Traits in Deccani Sheep Using Bayesian Inference.

Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie·2026
Same journal

Thermal Thresholds and Genetic Sensitivity in Barrel Racing Performance of Quarter Horses Across Temperature-Humidity Indices.

Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie·2026
Same journal

Unravelling the Genetic Structure of Local and Mainstream Red-Pied Cattle Breeds Using Genomics and Extended Pedigree Analysis.

Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie·2026
Same journal

Phenotypic Responses to Selection in Ross 308 Broiler Breeders: Long-Term Growth Assessed With Nonlinear Models Across Four Generations.

Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Determining the Likelihood of Variant Pathogenicity Using Amino Acid-level Signal-to-Noise Analysis of Genetic Variation
07:15

Determining the Likelihood of Variant Pathogenicity Using Amino Acid-level Signal-to-Noise Analysis of Genetic Variation

Published on: January 16, 2019

11.3K

Efficient Monte Carlo algorithm for restricted maximum likelihood estimation of genetic parameters.

Kaarina Matilainen1, Esa A Mäntysaari1, Ismo Strandén1

  • 1Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland.

Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics = Zeitschrift Fur Tierzuchtung Und Zuchtungsbiologie
|June 28, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reusing random numbers in Monte Carlo (MC) methods for variance component (VC) estimation eliminates fluctuations, enabling faster algorithms. However, this can introduce bias, requiring sufficient samples for accuracy.

Keywords:
REMLMonte Carlomaximum likelihoodvariance components

More Related Videos

A Novel Bayesian Change-point Algorithm for Genome-wide Analysis of Diverse ChIPseq Data Types
12:39

A Novel Bayesian Change-point Algorithm for Genome-wide Analysis of Diverse ChIPseq Data Types

Published on: December 10, 2012

11.7K
Use of Freeze-thawed Embryos for High-efficiency Production of Genetically Modified Mice
06:46

Use of Freeze-thawed Embryos for High-efficiency Production of Genetically Modified Mice

Published on: April 2, 2020

10.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Determining the Likelihood of Variant Pathogenicity Using Amino Acid-level Signal-to-Noise Analysis of Genetic Variation
07:15

Determining the Likelihood of Variant Pathogenicity Using Amino Acid-level Signal-to-Noise Analysis of Genetic Variation

Published on: January 16, 2019

11.3K
A Novel Bayesian Change-point Algorithm for Genome-wide Analysis of Diverse ChIPseq Data Types
12:39

A Novel Bayesian Change-point Algorithm for Genome-wide Analysis of Diverse ChIPseq Data Types

Published on: December 10, 2012

11.7K
Use of Freeze-thawed Embryos for High-efficiency Production of Genetically Modified Mice
06:46

Use of Freeze-thawed Embryos for High-efficiency Production of Genetically Modified Mice

Published on: April 2, 2020

10.4K

Area of Science:

  • Statistics
  • Computational Biology
  • Quantitative Genetics

Background:

  • Monte Carlo (MC) methods are valuable for estimating variance parameters in complex models with large datasets.
  • A key challenge with MC methods is the fluctuation in estimates, hindering convergence assessment.
  • Newton-type algorithms are sensitive to gradient inaccuracies, exacerbating these fluctuations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of reusing random numbers within MC samples to mitigate estimation fluctuations.
  • To evaluate the performance of MC REML methods (EM, NR, AI, BM) with reused samples.
  • To assess the trade-offs between reduced fluctuation and potential bias in variance component estimation.

Main Methods:

  • Implemented a novel approach of reusing identical random numbers across MC samples.
  • Applied four MC REML methods (Expectation-Maximization, Newton-Raphson, Average Information, Broyden's method) to simulated and field data.
  • Analyzed data with varying numbers of variance components (6 and 96).

Main Results:

  • Reusing MC samples effectively eliminated round-to-round fluctuations in all tested methods.
  • Estimates from MC REML with reused samples showed larger deviations from analytical values than expected, particularly with fewer samples.
  • While MC AI REML analyses indicated non-biased variance component estimates on average, a potential bias was observed with reused samples.
  • Smooth convergence was achieved, facilitating the use of faster Newton-type algorithms.

Conclusions:

  • Reusing MC samples stabilizes estimation and enables efficient use of Newton-type algorithms for variance component estimation.
  • A sufficient number of MC samples is crucial to minimize potential bias and achieve acceptable accuracy.
  • This technique offers a promising avenue for improving the computational efficiency of complex statistical models.