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Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
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Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes
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Microfluidic-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Systems in Microbiology.

Lena Gorgannezhad1,2, Helen Stratton3, Nam-Trung Nguyen4

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This review highlights microfluidics for rapid bacterial detection. Microfluidic devices enable sensitive nucleic acid amplification and identification, advancing microbiology applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Rapid bacterial detection is crucial for diverse applications.
  • Conventional methods face limitations in speed and sample volume.
  • Microfluidics offers a promising solution for enhanced bacterial analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in microfluidics-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for bacterial nucleic acid detection.
  • To discuss novel strategies for bacterial identification and quantification.
  • To explore the integration of sample preparation with microfluidic amplification.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on microfluidics-based PCR devices.
  • Analysis of isothermal nucleic acid amplification techniques.
  • Discussion of droplet-based microfluidics for biological assays.
  • Examination of microfluidic sample preparation methods.

Main Results:

  • Microfluidic devices significantly improve the speed and sensitivity of nucleic acid amplification.
  • Isothermal amplification and droplet-based systems show great potential for point-of-care diagnostics.
  • Integrated microfluidic systems streamline sample preparation and analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Microfluidics is revolutionizing bacterial detection and identification.
  • These technologies offer enhanced performance over conventional methods.
  • Further development promises broader applications in diagnostics and research.