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Field Effect Transistor

Field Effect Transistor

Field-effect transistors (FETs) are integral to electronic circuits and distinguished by their three-terminal setup: the gate, drain, and source. These transistors operate as unipolar devices, which utilize either electrons or holes as charge carriers, in contrast to bipolar transistors, which use both types of carriers. The primary function of the FET is to modulate the flow of these carriers from the source to the drain through a channel. The voltage difference between the gate and source...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Fabrication of a Solution-gated Indium-Tin-Oxide-based One-piece Transistor Enabling Sensitive Biosensing

Fabrication of a Solution-gated Indium-Tin-Oxide-based One-piece Transistor Enabling Sensitive Biosensing

Published on: August 29, 2025

Compound-Semiconductor-Based Field-Effect Transistors for Ultrasensitive Biomolecule Sensors.

Ngoc Thanh Ho^1,2, Nam-Trung Nguyen^1,2, Tuan-Khoa Nguyen^1,2,3

¹Queensland Quantum and Advanced Technologies Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|December 22, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Compound-semiconductor field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors offer ultrasensitive biomolecule detection for healthcare and environmental monitoring. Advances in materials and fabrication enable next-generation diagnostic and continuous monitoring technologies.

Keywords:

bandgap engineering compound semiconductor field-effect transistor biosensor flexible and wearable electronics point-of-care diagnostics

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors are crucial for sensitive biomolecule detection.
Compound semiconductors offer unique electronic properties for advanced biosensing.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advances in compound-semiconductor FET biosensors.
To explore detection mechanisms, fabrication strategies, and applications.
To provide a roadmap for future development.

Main Methods:

Review of compound semiconductor materials (e.g., MoS2, InSe, ZnO, In2O3).
Exploration of bandgap modulation and carrier density variation detection mechanisms.
Analysis of fabrication techniques for flexible and wearable FETs.
Evaluation of applications in diagnostics, healthcare monitoring, and environmental safety.

Main Results:

Compound semiconductors enable high sensitivity and specificity through bandgap modulation.
Flexible and wearable FETs can be integrated with microfluidics and bioreceptors.
Diverse applications exist in point-of-care diagnostics, implantable devices, and environmental monitoring.

Conclusions:

Compound-semiconductor FETs are a promising platform for advanced bioelectronic systems.
Scalable fabrication, multiplexed detection, and clinical integration are key future trends.
Material innovation and system integration are crucial for next-generation diagnostic technologies.