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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
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Primary angiosarcoma of thyroid.

Ananya Kondapalli1, Lucas Redd2, Lorraine DeBlanche2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.

BMJ Case Reports
|June 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary thyroid angiosarcomas (TAS) are rare cancers originating from blood vessels. This case highlights a successful cytologic diagnosis of TAS, aiding early detection and management of this uncommon thyroid malignancy.

Keywords:
cancer interventionendocrine cancerthyroid disease

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cytopathology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Primary thyroid angiosarcomas (TAS) are exceptionally rare, accounting for less than 1% of all thyroid cancers globally.
  • While historically associated with the Alpine region, TAS cases are increasingly reported in diverse geographical locations.
  • Cytologic diagnosis of TAS is often challenging due to limited cellularity, necrosis, and the rarity of the condition, frequently leading to a post-thyroidectomy diagnosis.

Observation:

  • A 56-year-old male presented with acute left neck pain, swelling, and hemoptysis.
  • Thyroid ultrasound revealed suspicious nodules in both lobes.
  • Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the thyroid nodules demonstrated malignant epithelioid cells.

Findings:

  • Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed TAS by positive staining for endothelial markers, including thrombomodulin and CD31.
  • Key negative markers, such as cytokeratins, thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF1), thyroglobulin, calcitonin, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), were crucial in differentiating TAS from other thyroid malignancies.
  • This case represents a primary TAS successfully diagnosed via cytology.

Implications:

  • Cytologic diagnosis of primary thyroid angiosarcoma is feasible, even in non-classic presentations, improving diagnostic timelines.
  • Awareness of TAS and the utility of specific endothelial markers in FNA cytology are critical for accurate diagnosis.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis of TAS can potentially lead to more timely and appropriate management strategies for this rare cancer.