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Related Concept Videos

Conduct Disorder01:28

Conduct Disorder

497
Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
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Intrinsically Disordered Proteins02:18

Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

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Intrinsically disordered proteins are a group of proteins that do not fold into specific three-dimensional structures. Their structural flexibility allows them to complement ordered proteins to perform functions that are inaccessible to rigid structures. They are more common in eukaryotes than prokaryotes and may either be exclusively intrinsically disordered or hybrid proteins, consisting of a mix of ordered and disordered regions. The absence of a rigid structure in these proteins can be...
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Conduction System of the Heart01:19

Conduction System of the Heart

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Autorhythmicity is a term that refers to the heart's inherent ability to generate electrical signals and instigate muscle contractions. This self-regulating conduction system within the heart consists of two key components: the pacemaker cells and specialized conducting cells.
The pacemaker cells are located in two primary nodes: the sinoatrial (SA) node and the atrioventricular (AV) node. The SA node pacemaker cells can autonomously depolarize, triggering an action potential that leads to the...
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Conduction System of the Heart01:20

Conduction System of the Heart

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The cardiac conduction system produces and transmits electrical impulses that prompt myocardial contraction, ensuring efficient heart function. This intricate system ensures that the heart beats in a coordinated and efficient manner, beginning with the atria and then the ventricles. The conduction system optimizes cardiac output by maintaining this precise sequence, which is crucial for adequate blood circulation.
This system relies on the unique properties of nodal and Purkinje cells:...
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Resistance and Conductance01:25

Resistance and Conductance

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A conductor's DC resistance at a given temperature is influenced by its resistivity, length, and cross-sectional area. Resistivity is an inherent property of the conductor material, with annealed copper serving as the international standard for measurement. For instance, the resistivity of hard-drawn aluminum at 20 degrees Celsius is 61% of the standard conductivity of annealed copper.
Various factors impact the resistance of a conductor. Spiraling in stranded conductors increases their...
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Electrical Conductivity01:13

Electrical Conductivity

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In perfect conductors, the electric field inside is always zero due to the abundance of free electrons, which nullify any field by flowing. As a result, any residual charge resides on the surface.
In a practical conductor, an applied electric field may be sustained, causing a flow of electrons, which produce a current. The differential form of the current, the current density, is related to the electric field.
More generally, it is related to the force per unit charge, which involves the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Measurement of Leaf Hydraulic Conductance and Stomatal Conductance and Their Responses to Irradiance and Dehydration Using the Evaporative Flux Method EFM
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Conduct disorder.

Graeme Fairchild1, David J Hawes2, Paul J Frick3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK. g.fairchild@bath.ac.uk.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|June 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Conduct disorder (CD) is a significant childhood psychiatric condition marked by severe antisocial behavior. Research indicates genetic, environmental, and neurocognitive factors contribute to its development and manifestation.

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Area of Science:

  • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Conduct disorder (CD) is a prevalent and impairing childhood psychiatric disorder characterized by severe antisocial and aggressive behaviors.
  • It frequently co-occurs with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and can lead to antisocial personality disorder in adulthood.
  • CD affects approximately 3% of school-aged children, with males being twice as prevalent as females.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of conduct disorder (CD), including its subtypes, etiology, neurobiological correlates, and management.
  • To highlight the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors in CD development.
  • To review the associated neurocognitive impairments and neurobiological findings in individuals with CD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing findings from epidemiological studies, genetic research, neuroimaging studies, and clinical trials.
  • Analysis of subtypes based on age of onset and presence of callous-unemotional traits.
  • Examination of neurocognitive deficits and neurobiological abnormalities, including brain structure and function.

Main Results:

  • CD etiology is multifactorial, involving genetic predispositions, environmental influences, and gene-environment interactions.
  • Neuroimaging studies reveal smaller grey matter volumes in limbic regions (amygdala, insula, orbitofrontal cortex) and functional abnormalities in emotion processing and decision-making circuits.
  • Reduced stress reactivity (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic) is associated with CD.
  • Subtyping based on age of onset and callous-unemotional traits provides further insight into heterogeneity.
  • Parent-based or family-based psychosocial interventions are the primary management approach.

Conclusions:

  • Conduct disorder is a complex disorder with significant neurobiological underpinnings and diverse etiologies.
  • Understanding the interplay of genetic, environmental, and neurocognitive factors is crucial for effective intervention.
  • Psychosocial interventions form the cornerstone of treatment, with pharmacotherapy considered for comorbid conditions like ADHD.