Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

16.2K
The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
16.2K
Seedless Vascular Plants03:24

Seedless Vascular Plants

66.7K
Seedless Vascular Plants Were the First Tall Plants on Earth
66.7K
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

5.7K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.7K
Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

8.1K
Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
8.1K
Vascular Spasm01:16

Vascular Spasm

3.4K
The vascular phase, also known as vasospasm, is the initial stage of hemostasis, crucial for preventing excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. After a vessel is cut, nerves in the damaged area trigger pain and other sensory impulses. Simultaneously, the smooth muscles in the vessel wall contract, resulting in a vascular spasm. This contraction reduces the vessel's diameter at the injury site, slowing or stopping blood loss through the vessel wall. Vascular spasms typically last...
3.4K
Vascular Resistance01:20

Vascular Resistance

10.3K
Vascular resistance is a critical concept in understanding blood flow dynamics in the circulatory system. It refers to the resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the blood vessels. This resistance is a key factor in determining blood pressure and cardiac workload.
The primary determinants of vascular resistance are vessel diameter, blood viscosity, and vessel length. Among these, vessel diameter plays the most significant role due to the fourth power relationship described by...
10.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Deep learning in glaucoma referral: Performance assessment using a real-world setting.

Acta ophthalmologica·2026
Same author

Sarcoidosis presenting as fulminant bilateral multifocal choroiditis.

Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection·2026
Same author

Evidence and Consensus-Based Imaging Guidelines in Cytomegalovirus Retinitis: Multimodal Imaging in Uveitis (MUV) Task Force - Report 15.

Ophthalmology. Retina·2026
Same author

Optimizing topical glaucoma treatment outcomes: When less is better. A review on the clinical benefits of reducing treatment burden in glaucoma management.

European journal of ophthalmology·2026
Same author

Complications of silicone oil in vitreoretinal surgery: a narrative review of clinical and experimental evidence.

International journal of retina and vitreous·2026
Same author

Inflammatory Biomarkers in Diabetic Macular Edema.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Retinal Vascular Reactivity as Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
07:23

Retinal Vascular Reactivity as Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Published on: March 26, 2020

8.7K

A Protocol to Evaluate Retinal Vascular Response Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

David Cordeiro Sousa1,2,3, Inês Leal1,2, Susana Moreira4

  • 1Ophthalmology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|June 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) can assess retinal vascular responses. A new protocol demonstrated vasodilatory and vasoconstriction effects using hypoxia and handgrip tests, respectively.

Keywords:
autonomic nervous systemhandgrip testhypoxia challenge testoptical coherence tomography angiographyretinal deep plexusretinal superficial plexusretinal vascular response

More Related Videos

Evaluation of Capillary and Other Vessel Contribution to Macular Perfusion Density Measured with Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
07:18

Evaluation of Capillary and Other Vessel Contribution to Macular Perfusion Density Measured with Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Published on: February 18, 2022

2.1K
Multimodal Volumetric Retinal Imaging by Oblique Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy oSLO and Optical Coherence Tomography OCT
12:22

Multimodal Volumetric Retinal Imaging by Oblique Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy oSLO and Optical Coherence Tomography OCT

Published on: August 4, 2018

9.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Retinal Vascular Reactivity as Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
07:23

Retinal Vascular Reactivity as Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Published on: March 26, 2020

8.7K
Evaluation of Capillary and Other Vessel Contribution to Macular Perfusion Density Measured with Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
07:18

Evaluation of Capillary and Other Vessel Contribution to Macular Perfusion Density Measured with Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Published on: February 18, 2022

2.1K
Multimodal Volumetric Retinal Imaging by Oblique Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy oSLO and Optical Coherence Tomography OCT
12:22

Multimodal Volumetric Retinal Imaging by Oblique Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy oSLO and Optical Coherence Tomography OCT

Published on: August 4, 2018

9.0K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Cardiovascular Physiology

Background:

  • Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) offers high-resolution, non-invasive imaging of retinal microvasculature.
  • OCT-A is increasingly utilized in ophthalmology for diagnosing various conditions.
  • Assessing dynamic retinal vascular responses is crucial for understanding ocular health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail an experimental protocol for analyzing retinal vasodilatory and vasoconstriction responses using OCT-A.
  • To establish a standardized method for evaluating the dynamic changes in retinal circulation.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of using OCT-A for assessing neurovascular coupling in the retina.

Main Methods:

  • A commercial OCT-A device (AngioVue) was employed for macular examination.
  • Two standardized stress tests were applied: hypoxia challenge test (HCT) for vasodilation and handgrip test for vasoconstriction.
  • Macular parafoveal vessel density in superficial and deep plexuses was measured at baseline and during stress conditions.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-four healthy subjects (24 eyes) were analyzed.
  • Hypoxia induced a significant increase in parafoveal vessel density in both superficial (p < 0.01) and deep (p < 0.01) plexuses.
  • Handgrip test resulted in a significant decrease in vessel density in both superficial (p < 0.001) and deep (p < 0.001) plexuses.

Conclusions:

  • A simple, non-invasive, and safe OCT-A protocol was established to assess retinal vascular responses.
  • The protocol successfully demonstrated vasodilatory and vasoconstriction responses to mild hypoxia and isometric exercise, respectively.
  • This method offers a novel approach for studying retinal vascular changes applicable across various medical fields.