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Related Concept Videos

Social Exchange Theory02:06

Social Exchange Theory

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We have discussed why we form relationships, what attracts us to others, and different types of love. But what determines whether we are satisfied with and stay in a relationship? One theory that provides an explanation is social exchange theory. According to social exchange theory, we act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003).
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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Specific Heat01:16

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The specific heat capacity of a substance refers to the energy required to increase the temperature of one gram of that substance by one degree Celcius. Specific heat capacity is often represented in calories (cal), grams (g), and degrees Celsius (oC), but can also be expressed in joules (J), kilograms (kg), and Kelvin (K), among other units.
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A chemical symbol is an abbreviation used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. The same symbol is used to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
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Band Theory02:35

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Fabrication and Characterization of High-Q Silicon Nitride Membrane Resonators
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Silicon Nitride: A Bioceramic with a Gift.

Giuseppe Pezzotti1,2,3,4

  • 1Ceramic Physics Laboratory , Kyoto Institute of Technology , Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki , Kyoto 606-8585 , Japan.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|June 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Silicon nitride (Si3N4) shows unexpected medical benefits, enhancing tissue healing and fighting pathogens. Its unique surface chemistry, releasing silicon and nitrogen, explains its dual action on cells and microbes.

Keywords:
bacterial lysisosteoblastogenesisosteogenesisreactive nitrogen speciessilicon nitridesurface hydrolysis

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Bioceramics
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Silicon nitride (Si3N4) was initially developed for high-temperature gas turbines.
  • Despite extensive research, its application in turbines did not meet expectations.
  • Recent discoveries highlight Si3N4's potential in medical and biological fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the unexpected medical applications of silicon nitride.
  • To understand the unique surface chemistry of Si3N4 in aqueous environments.
  • To investigate the mechanism behind Si3N4's biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of silicon nitride's surface chemistry in aqueous solutions.
  • Observation of Si3N4's effects on soft and osseous tissue healing.
  • Evaluation of Si3N4's impact on bacterial proliferation and viral eradication.
  • Investigation of pH-dependent elution kinetics of ammonia species (NH4+ and NH3).

Main Results:

  • Silicon nitride demonstrates enhanced soft and osseous tissue healing.
  • The material effectively inhibits bacterial growth and eradicates viruses.
  • Si3N4 exhibits biocompatibility with mammalian cells while lysing pathogens.
  • The dual action is attributed to the pH-dependent release of ammonia species.

Conclusions:

  • Silicon nitride's unique surface chemistry offers a novel approach for medical and environmental applications.
  • The material's ability to promote healing and combat pathogens presents a significant advancement.
  • Understanding the pH-dependent elution kinetics is key to harnessing Si3N4's full potential.
  • Si3N4 represents a promising bioceramic for addressing global health threats.