Tuberculosis Progression Does Not Necessarily Equate with a Failure of Immune Control

Despite the obvious impact of tuberculosis on global health, there is currently no effective vaccine and there is increasing resistance against established front-line drug regiments. Our current understanding of disease progression in tuberculosis is shaped by data collected from the failure of immune control. We feel that this represents a biased approach, which constrains our capacity to understand both disease control and progression. In this opinion piece, we re-examine these questions in the context of recently published data from fluorescent bacterial reporter strains and the analysis of the different macrophage lineages present at sites of infection. We believe that this analysis provides alternative models for disease progression, which are not addressed through current vaccine or immune-therapeutic strategies.