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Spongy Bone01:09

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All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
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Lactoferrin-Hydroxyapatite Containing Spongy-Like Hydrogels for Bone Tissue Engineering.

Ana R Bastos1,2, Lucília P da Silva1,2, F Raquel Maia3,4,5

  • 13B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed advanced 3D biomaterials using gellan gum (GG) hydrogels with lactoferrin (Lf) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) for bone tissue engineering. These materials support human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs), showing promise for enhanced bone regeneration.

Keywords:
bone biomaterialsgellan gumhydroxyapatitelactoferrin

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Bioactive and cell-responsive materials are crucial for advancing bone tissue engineering.
  • Gellan gum (GG) hydrogels offer a promising scaffold due to their tunable microarchitecture and cell entrapment capabilities.
  • Lactoferrin (Lf) and Hydroxyapatite (HAp) are known to accelerate bone regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an advanced 3D biomaterial by incorporating Lf and HAp into GG spongy-like hydrogels.
  • To characterize the physicochemical properties and bioactive factor release of the developed hydrogels.
  • To evaluate the capacity of these hydrogels to support human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) for bone regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • GG spongy-like hydrogels were fabricated and integrated with Lf and HAp.
  • Characterization included microstructure analysis, water uptake, degradation studies, and Lf release kinetics.
  • Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) were seeded onto the hydrogels and cultured for 21 days to assess cell viability and support.

Main Results:

  • Lf addition did not significantly alter GG hydrogel properties (porosity, pore size, degradation, water uptake).
  • HAp addition increased pore wall thickness, decreased porosity and mean pore size, and reduced degradability and water retention.
  • Sustained Lf release was observed for up to 30 days, and hASCs maintained viability in the cell-laden hydrogels.

Conclusions:

  • GG spongy-like hydrogels incorporating HAp and Lf create a favorable 3D bone-like microenvironment.
  • The developed biomaterial supports hASCs viability, indicating potential for enhanced bone regeneration applications.
  • These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of combining GG, Lf, and HAp in bone tissue engineering scaffolds.