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Related Concept Videos

Phasors01:12

Phasors

1.1K
Phasors are a powerful mathematical tool used to analyze alternating current (AC) circuits. They provide a complex number representation of sinusoids, with the magnitude of the phasor equating to the amplitude of the sinusoid and the angle of the phasor representing the phase measured from the positive x-axis.
One of the significant benefits of using phasors is that they simplify the analysis of AC circuits by eliminating the time dependence of the current and voltage. This transformation...
1.1K
Phasor Arithmetics01:13

Phasor Arithmetics

777
Phasors and their corresponding sinusoids are interrelated, offering unique insights into the behavior of alternating current (AC) circuits. One way to understand this relationship is through the operations of differentiation and integration in both the time and phasor domains.
When the derivative of a sinusoid is taken in the time domain, it transforms into its corresponding phasor multiplied by j-omega (jω) in the phasor domain, where j is the imaginary unit, and ω is the angular...
777
Kirchoff's Laws using Phasors01:12

Kirchoff's Laws using Phasors

808
Analyzing AC circuits in electrical systems is a fundamental aspect of electrical engineering. In these circuits, AC power is supplied from a distribution panel and wired to various household appliances in parallel. To perform a comprehensive analysis, electrical engineers use Kirchhoff's voltage and current laws, which are equally applicable in AC circuits as in DC circuits.
Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL) states that the sum of phasor voltages around a closed loop in an AC circuit equals zero....
808
Phasor Relationships for Circuit Elements01:16

Phasor Relationships for Circuit Elements

987
Phasor representation is a powerful tool used to transform the voltage-current relationship for resistors, inductors, and capacitors from the time domain to the frequency domain. This transformation simplifies the analysis of alternating current (AC) circuits.
In the time domain, Ohm's law provides a fundamental relation between the current flowing through a resistor and the voltage across it:
987
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

1.5K
Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
1.5K
Uniform Depth Channel Flow01:27

Uniform Depth Channel Flow

536
Uniform depth channel flow keeps fluid depth consistent along channels such as irrigation canals. In natural channels, such as rivers, approximate uniform flow is often assumed. This condition occurs when the channel’s bottom slope matches the energy slope, balancing potential energy lost from gravity with head loss due to shear stress. This balance prevents depth changes along the channel length, resulting in a steady, uniform flow.Uniform flow in open channels with a constant cross-section...
536

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Piezo High Accuracy Surgical Osteal Removal PHASOR: A Technique for Improved Cranial Window Surgery in Mice
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Depth from phasor distortions in fog.

Takeshi Muraji, Kenichiro Tanaka, Takuya Funatomi

    Optics Express
    |June 30, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a new time-of-flight (ToF) method to accurately measure depth in foggy conditions. The technique corrects distortions caused by fog, enabling reliable 3D scene reconstruction.

    Area of Science:

    • Computer Vision
    • Optical Sensing
    • Robotics

    Background:

    • Time-of-flight (ToF) cameras are crucial for depth sensing but perform poorly in adverse weather like fog.
    • Fog causes significant depth measurement distortions due to scattered light.
    • Existing methods struggle to accurately recover depth information in foggy environments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel time-of-flight measurement method for accurate depth sensing in foggy conditions.
    • To address the challenge of depth distortion caused by fog-induced light scattering.
    • To enable reliable 3D scene reconstruction for applications operating in adverse weather.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing multi-frequency measurements to identify pixels with consistent depth.

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  • Implementing a pixel clustering algorithm based on depth cues derived from multi-frequency data.
  • Recovering original depth information for each cluster using line fitting in a Cartesian coordinate frame.

    • Main Results:

    • Demonstrated that multi-frequency ToF data contains reliable cues for depth consistency between pixels.
    • Successfully clustered pixels belonging to the same depth plane despite fog.
    • Recovered accurate depth maps by applying line fitting to clustered pixel data.
    • Validated the method's effectiveness through numerical simulations and real-world experiments.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed multi-frequency ToF method effectively overcomes fog-induced depth distortions.
    • Accurate depth recovery in fog is achievable through pixel clustering and line fitting.
    • The method shows promise for robust 3D perception in challenging environmental conditions.