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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
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An interesting force in everyday life is the force of drag on an object when it is moving in a fluid. Like friction, the drag force always opposes the motion of an object. Unlike simple friction, the drag force is proportional to some function of the velocity of the object in that fluid. This functionality is complicated and depends upon the shape of the object, its size, its velocity, and the fluid it is in. For most large objects, such as cyclists, cars, and baseballs, that are not moving too...
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An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.
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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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In an atom, the negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. In a multielectron atom, electron-electron repulsions are also observed. The attractive and repulsive forces are dependent on the distance between the particles, as well as the sign and magnitude of the charges on the individual particles. When the charges on the particles are opposite, they attract each other. If both particles have the same charge, they repel each other.
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Intermolecular forces (IMF) are electrostatic attractions arising from charge-charge interactions between molecules. The strength of the intermolecular force is influenced by the distance of separation between molecules. The forces significantly affect the interactions in solids and liquids, where the molecules are close together. In gases, IMFs become important only under high-pressure conditions (due to the proximity of gas molecules). Intermolecular forces dictate the physical properties of...
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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging of DNA Three-Point-Star Motif Self Assembly Using Photothermal Off-Resonance Tapping
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High-speed atomic force microscopy.

Toshio Ando1

  • 1Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology
|June 30, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) enables marker-free visualization of protein dynamics. This technique provides high-resolution insights into molecular mechanisms previously unattainable by other methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Microscopy

Background:

  • Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a key tool for nanoscale imaging.
  • Visualizing dynamic molecular processes in real-time remains a challenge.
  • High-speed AFM (HS-AFM) offers enhanced temporal resolution for molecular observation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in protein imaging using HS-AFM.
  • To highlight the capabilities of HS-AFM for studying molecular dynamics.
  • To explain the principles of AFM and HS-AFM.

Main Methods:

  • Direct visualization of protein molecules using HS-AFM.
  • High spatiotemporal resolution imaging without molecular labeling.
  • Analysis of molecular dynamics during functional activity.

Main Results:

  • HS-AFM allows direct observation of protein molecules in action.
  • Mechanistic insights into functional molecular processes are revealed.
  • Studies showcase the power of HS-AFM in protein research.

Conclusions:

  • HS-AFM is a powerful technique for understanding protein function.
  • It provides unique insights into molecular mechanisms.
  • HS-AFM is crucial for advancing molecular imaging and biophysics.