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Related Concept Videos

Autonomic Nervous System01:22

Autonomic Nervous System

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a critical component of the peripheral nervous system, primarily responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. It functions in tandem with the central nervous system (CNS) to seamlessly coordinate various physiological processes without the need for conscious control.
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Autonomic Nervous System: Overview01:26

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The human nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS contains nerve cells, clusters of nerve cells, and the sensory receptors that are outside the CNS. The PNS has two types of nerve cells: sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent). Sensory cells send signals to the CNS from receptors, and motor cells carry signals from the CNS to organs, muscles, and...
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Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
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Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers01:22

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Understanding the working function of different types of controllers can be illustrated with practical analogies, such as adjusting a stereo's volume equalizer. Cranking up the bass involves a phase-lead controller, which functions as a high-pass filter, while increasing the treble uses a phase-lag controller, which acts as a low-pass filter. PD controllers, similar to high-pass filters, enhance the system's response to high-frequency components. PI controllers, akin to low-pass...
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Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants01:23

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Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating...
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Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Blockers01:28

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Ganglionic blockers inhibit autonomic activity by blocking nicotinic receptors in the autonomic ganglia, suppressing impulse transmission. These blockers lack selectivity between sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia and are ineffective as neuromuscular junction antagonists. They can be categorized into two groups:
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Quantitative Autonomic Testing
11:40

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Published on: July 19, 2011

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Insular resection may lead to autonomic function changes.

Nuria Lacuey1, Vasant Garg2, Barbara Bangert1

  • 1Epilepsy Center, UH Case Medical Center, USA.

Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B
|June 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Insular damage from epilepsy surgery can alter autonomic function, impacting heart rate variability. This study highlights potential changes in heart rate variability (HRV) following insular resections.

Keywords:
Autonomic functionEpilepsy surgeryHeart rate variabilityInsulaSUDEP

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • The insula plays a role in autonomic nervous system regulation.
  • Epilepsy surgery, particularly temporal lobe resections, can involve the insula.
  • Autonomic dysfunction can manifest as changes in heart rate variability (HRV).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between insular damage and markers of autonomic dysfunction.
  • To evaluate changes in HRV parameters after insular resections for epilepsy surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 21 patients undergoing insular or temporal lobe resections.
  • Classification of insular involvement (Type 0-3) based on postsurgical MRI.
  • Pre- and postoperative HRV analysis using time-domain (RMSSD, CV) and frequency-domain (LF, HF, LF/HF) parameters.

Main Results:

  • Significant decreases in RMSSD and CV were observed in patients with greater insular damage (Type 2 and 3).
  • Right-sided resections correlated with increased LF power and LF/HF ratio, indicating sympathetic modulation.
  • These findings suggest a link between the extent of insular resection and autonomic changes.

Conclusions:

  • Insular resection during epilepsy surgery is associated with measurable changes in autonomic function.
  • The extent of insular involvement correlates with specific alterations in HRV parameters.
  • These findings underscore the importance of considering insular involvement in surgical planning and postoperative management.