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Passive immune transfer in puppies.

Sylvie Chastant1, Hanna Mila1

  • 1NeoCare, UMR INRA/ENVT 1225 Interactions Host-Pathogens, Toulouse National Veterinary School, 23 Chemin des CAPELLES, BP 87614, 31076, Toulouse Cedex, France.

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Summary

Puppies gain crucial immunity from maternal colostrum within two days of birth. Passive immune transfer quality, vital for puppy survival, depends on timely colostrum intake, not just its concentration.

Keywords:
ColostrumDigestive tractDogGrowthImmunoglobulins GNeonatology

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Immunology
  • Neonatal Care

Background:

  • Newborn puppies lack immunoglobulins G (IgG) at birth.
  • Passive systemic immunity is acquired through colostrum intake in the first 48 hours of life.
  • The quality of this passive immune transfer is critical for puppy survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate factors influencing passive immune transfer in puppies.
  • To explore methods for diagnosing deficits in passive immune transfer.
  • To discuss strategies for managing colostrum availability and its impact on immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Assessing blood IgG concentration at two days of age.
  • Evaluating the time elapsed between birth and colostrum ingestion.
  • Utilizing gammaglutamyltransferases assay and growth rate for indirect diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • Passive immune transfer quality is primarily influenced by the timing of colostrum intake, not colostrum IgG concentration.
  • Deficits in passive immune transfer significantly impact puppy health and neonatal mortality.
  • Canine colostrum banking is presented as an optimal solution for colostrum-deprived puppies.

Conclusions:

  • Timely colostrum intake is paramount for successful passive immunity in puppies.
  • Maternal antibodies (IgG and IgA) provide both systemic and local gut immunity.
  • Passive immunity, while essential for neonates, can affect subsequent vaccine responses.