Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Polymers: Defining Molecular Weight01:01

Polymers: Defining Molecular Weight

3.8K
Unlike small molecules with definite molecular weights, polymers are a mixture of individual polymer chains of varying lengths, each with a unique molecular weight.  So, the molecular weight of a polymer is expressed as an average value based on the average size of the polymer chains. The two most common forms of averages used for polymers are the number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight.
The number average molecular weight (Mn) is the summation of the number...
3.8K
Line Loss01:10

Line Loss

517
The different configurations of source-load connections include wye (star) and delta connections. The relationship between line and phase voltages and currents varies depending on the configuration. When the source is supplying power, it is transmitted through the wires to the load, and during this transmission, some power is absorbed by the wires, leading to line loss.
Line loss impacts power delivery efficiency in a balanced three-phase circuit. The symmetry in such a circuit simplifies the...
517
Weighted Mean00:57

Weighted Mean

6.2K
While taking the arithmetic, geometric, or harmonic mean of a sample data set, equal importance is assigned to all the data points. However, all the values may not always be equally important in some data sets. An intrinsic bias might make it more important to give more weightage to specific values over others.
For example, consider the number of goals scored in the matches of a tournament. While computing the average number of goals scored in the tournament, it may be more important to...
6.2K
Reducing Line Loss01:18

Reducing Line Loss

370
In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
With a step-up transformer at the source, the voltage is increased, thereby reducing the current in the transmission lines since power loss in...
370
Standard Enthalpy of Formation02:37

Standard Enthalpy of Formation

49.0K
Enthalpy changes are typically tabulated for reactions in which both the reactants and products are at the same conditions. A standard state is a commonly accepted set of conditions used as a reference point for the determination of properties under other different conditions. For chemists, the IUPAC standard state refers to materials under a pressure of 1 bar and solutions at 1 M and does not specify a temperature. Many thermochemical tables list values with a standard state of 1 atm. Because...
49.0K
Mass and Weight01:19

Mass and Weight

15.1K
Mass and weight are often used interchangeably in everyday conversation. For example,  medical records often show our weight in kilograms, but never in the correct units of newtons. In physics, however, there is an important distinction. Weight is the pull of the Earth on an object. It depends on the distance from the center of the Earth. Weight dramatically varies if we leave the Earth's surface, unlike mass, which does not vary with location. On the Moon, for example, the...
15.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Metabolic and Bariatric Fellowship Training in the Era of GLP-1 Therapy: Workforce Implications.

Journal of the American College of Surgeons·2026
Same author

Pediatric Traumatic Injury in Rural and Urban Areas of Wisconsin.

Pediatric emergency care·2026
Same author

Injury across the lifespan: Comparing pediatric and adult injury patterns in the home and the community.

Injury·2026
Same author

Association of Frailty Score and Surgical Site Infection After Open Lower Extremity Revascularization.

WMJ : official publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin·2026
Same author

International expert consensus on surgery for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

BMC endocrine disorders·2025
Same author

Does the use of EndoFLIP during fundoplications improve outcomes?

Surgical endoscopy·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Standardized Method for Measuring Collection Efficiency from Wipe-sampling of Trace Explosives
07:22

Standardized Method for Measuring Collection Efficiency from Wipe-sampling of Trace Explosives

Published on: April 10, 2017

9.9K

Defining Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery: a Call for Standardization.

Brandon T Grover1, Michael C Morell2, Shanu N Kothari3

  • 1Department of General Surgery, Gundersen Health System, 1900 South Avenue, C05-001, La Crosse, WI, 54601, USA. btgrover@gundersenhealth.org.

Obesity Surgery
|July 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Weight regain after bariatric surgery is common but poorly defined. A standardized definition of at least 20% total weight loss (%TWL) is proposed for identifying good surgical responders, as it is least affected by preoperative BMI.

Keywords:
Bariatric surgeryBody mass indexDiabetesExcess weight lossWeight lossWeight regain

More Related Videos

Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Surgery in Diet-Induced Obese Diabetic Mice
08:50

Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Surgery in Diet-Induced Obese Diabetic Mice

Published on: October 18, 2024

1.0K
A Minimally Invasive Model to Analyze Endochondral Fracture Healing in Mice Under Standardized Biomechanical Conditions
06:41

A Minimally Invasive Model to Analyze Endochondral Fracture Healing in Mice Under Standardized Biomechanical Conditions

Published on: March 22, 2018

8.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Standardized Method for Measuring Collection Efficiency from Wipe-sampling of Trace Explosives
07:22

Standardized Method for Measuring Collection Efficiency from Wipe-sampling of Trace Explosives

Published on: April 10, 2017

9.9K
Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Surgery in Diet-Induced Obese Diabetic Mice
08:50

Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Surgery in Diet-Induced Obese Diabetic Mice

Published on: October 18, 2024

1.0K
A Minimally Invasive Model to Analyze Endochondral Fracture Healing in Mice Under Standardized Biomechanical Conditions
06:41

A Minimally Invasive Model to Analyze Endochondral Fracture Healing in Mice Under Standardized Biomechanical Conditions

Published on: March 22, 2018

8.6K

Area of Science:

  • Bariatric surgery outcomes
  • Obesity treatment efficacy
  • Metabolic and bariatric surgery

Background:

  • Weight regain post-bariatric surgery is expected but lacks a clear definition.
  • Commonly used metrics for favorable outcomes include 50% excess weight loss (EWL).
  • The medical and surgical literature increasingly uses % total weight loss (%TWL) to assess outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight outcome variability based on different bariatric surgery definitions.
  • To propose a standardized definition for evaluating bariatric surgery success.
  • To identify a consistent metric for assessing patient response to bariatric procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of bariatric surgery patients from 2001-2016 with at least 1-year follow-up.
  • Evaluation of various proposed definitions for weight regain.
  • Statistical analysis of % excess weight loss (%EWL) and % total weight loss (%TWL) in relation to preoperative BMI.

Main Results:

  • 93% of patients achieved ≥50% EWL and 70.3% maintained it for 10 years.
  • 97% achieved ≥20% TWL, with 70.3% maintaining it over 10 years.
  • Higher preoperative BMI correlated with increased %TWL but decreased %EWL at 2 years.

Conclusions:

  • Over 90% of patients achieve significant weight loss (%TWL and %EWL) post-bariatric surgery.
  • The definition of weight regain significantly impacts outcome assessment.
  • A standardized definition of ≥20% TWL is proposed as it is minimally influenced by preoperative BMI.