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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

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Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
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Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...
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Renal Clearance01:23

Renal Clearance

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The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a critical marker of kidney function, reflecting the efficiency of filtration by the glomeruli. Renal clearance of specific substances, such as inulin or creatinine, is commonly used to measure GFR.
Renal clearance refers to the volume of plasma cleared of a specific substance, such as creatinine, per unit of time. To measure clearance, urine samples are collected over a 24-hour period during each bladder voiding, followed by a single blood sample at the...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Renal Drug Clearance: Comparison Between Renal Excretion Methods01:08

Renal Drug Clearance: Comparison Between Renal Excretion Methods

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Renal clearance is a critical parameter encompassing kidney filtration, secretion, and reabsorption processes. It is calculated using a specific equation to determine the rate at which the kidneys clear a drug.
Renal clearance is often associated with the renal glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which represents the rate at which plasma is filtered through the glomeruli in the kidney. When drug reabsorption is minimal and there is no active secretion, renal clearance is closely related to the...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Modeling Spontaneous Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma mRCC in Mice Following Nephrectomy
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Pediatric renal cell carcinoma.

Kiersten M Craig1, Dix P Poppas, Ardavan Akhavan

  • 1Komansky Children's Hospital, Institute for Pediatric Urology, New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Urology, New York City, New York, USA.

Current Opinion in Urology
|July 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric renal cell carcinoma (RCC) often presents at a higher stage but has a better prognosis than adult RCC. Complete lymph node resection and targeted therapies improve outcomes for young patients with this rare cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Urologic Oncology
  • Cancer Genetics

Background:

  • Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is rare in children and young adults.
  • Pediatric RCC often presents symptomatically at advanced stages and higher grades compared to adult cases.
  • Translocation tumors are common in pediatric RCC, characterized by early lymph node metastasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical presentation, natural history, and treatment strategies for pediatric and young adult renal cell carcinoma.
  • To highlight key differences between pediatric and adult RCC.
  • To discuss current and emerging therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pediatric and young adult renal cell carcinoma.
  • Analysis of presentation, staging, and treatment outcomes.
  • Identification of prognostic factors and therapeutic targets.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric RCC patients present with symptomatic disease at higher stages and grades.
  • Translocation-associated RCC predominates in children, with early lymph node spread.
  • Complete lymph node resection during surgery improves prognosis.
  • Targeted therapies, including PI3/AKT pathway inhibitors, show clinical benefit.

Conclusions:

  • Despite advanced presentation, pediatric RCC generally has a more favorable prognosis than adult RCC.
  • Comprehensive lymph node management is crucial for improving outcomes.
  • Targeted therapies offer promising treatment avenues for young patients with RCC.