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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Visual and Microscopic Evaluation of Streptomyces Developmental Mutants
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Bioactive phenazines from an earwig-associated Streptomyces sp.

Hao Han1, Zhi-Kai Guo2, Bo Zhang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.

Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines
|July 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered new natural products from an earwig-associated bacterium. Some compounds showed potential for inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and fighting bacterial infections.

Keywords:
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activityAntimicrobial activityBiosynthetic pathwayEarwig-associated actinomycetePhenazine

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Area of Science:

  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Microbiology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Earwig-associated bacteria are a source of novel bioactive compounds.
  • Phenazine compounds possess diverse biological activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and characterize new phenazine-type compounds and natural products from Streptomyces sp. NA04227.
  • To elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of the identified phenazine compounds.
  • To evaluate the biological activities of the isolated compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and purification of compounds using chromatographic techniques.
  • Structure elucidation via NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography.
  • Genomic sequencing and analysis to identify the biosynthetic gene cluster.
  • In vitro assays to assess acetylcholinesterase inhibition and antimicrobial activity.

Main Results:

  • Three new phenazine-type compounds (SA-SC, 1-3) and four new natural products (4-7) were isolated.
  • The structures were confirmed through comprehensive spectroscopic and crystallographic analyses.
  • The *spz* gene cluster was identified, enabling the proposal of a biosynthetic pathway.
  • Compounds 1-5 demonstrated moderate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity.
  • Compound 3 exhibited antimicrobial activity against *Micrococcus luteus*.

Conclusions:

  • The study expands the chemical diversity of phenazine natural products.
  • The identified compounds, particularly phenazines SA-SC, represent potential leads for drug discovery.
  • Understanding the biosynthetic pathway provides insights for future metabolic engineering efforts.