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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Electrical current is defined as the rate at which charge flows. When there is a large current present, such as that used to run a refrigerator, a large amount of charge moves through the wire in a small amount of time. If the current is small, such as that used to operate a handheld calculator, a small amount of charge moves through the circuit over a long period of time. The SI unit for current is the ampere (A), named for the French physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836).
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Hybridoma technology is used for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies bind to only a single antigenic determinant or epitope. Such antibodies are used in research, diagnostics, and disease therapy. The hybridoma technology established in 1975 by Georges Köhler and Cesar Milstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984 for revolutionizing research and therapy.
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Significance of Displacement Current01:27

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A displacement current is analogous to a real current in Ampère's law, participating in Ampère's law the same way as the usual conduction current. However, it is produced by a changing electric field. Displacement current is defined in terms of a time-varying electric field, and also has an associated displacement current density. By adding a term accounting for displacement current, Maxwell modified the existing Ampère's law, which is now called generalized Ampère's law.
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Isolation and Profiling of MicroRNA-containing Exosomes from Human Bile
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Updates on the Current Technologies for microRNA Profiling.

Rebecca Mathew1, Valentina Mattei1, Muna Al Hashmi1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs regulate gene expression and are vital biomarkers for disease diagnosis. This review updates technologies for microRNA extraction, quality control, and detection, highlighting their pros and cons.

Keywords:
MicroarrayPCRmiRNAmiRNA extractionquality controlsequencing.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules (~22 nucleotides) regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • miRNAs are implicated in crucial cellular processes like apoptosis, differentiation, development, and proliferation.
  • Dysregulated miRNA expression is linked to human diseases, serving as potential diagnostic, prognostic, and onset biomarkers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated overview of current technologies for miRNA analysis.
  • To focus on recent advancements in miRNA extraction, quality control (QC), and detection methods.
  • To discuss the advantages and limitations of various miRNA detection technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on miRNA extraction techniques.
  • Analysis of current quality control assessment methods for miRNAs.
  • Evaluation of diverse miRNA detection technologies, including recent innovations.

Main Results:

  • The sensitivity and specificity of miRNA detection technologies are critical for biomarker utility.
  • The quantity and quality of starting material significantly impact miRNA profiling accuracy.
  • Various technologies exist for miRNA extraction, QC, and detection, each with unique strengths and weaknesses.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate miRNA detection is essential for reliable disease biomarker development.
  • Understanding the capabilities and limitations of different technologies is crucial for selecting appropriate methods.
  • Continued technological advancement is necessary to improve miRNA analysis for clinical applications.