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Related Concept Videos

Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
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Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids02:26

Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids

54.2K
Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape); in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape). Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions (cannot flow) and do not generally move in relation to one another; in a liquid, they move past each other (can flow) but remain in essentially constant contact; in a gas, they move...
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Energy Bands in Solids01:01

Energy Bands in Solids

1.9K
Isolated atoms have discrete energy levels that are well described by the Bohr model. And, it quantifies the energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom as En. Higher quantum numbers 'n' yield less negative, closer electron energy levels.
 Band Formation:
When atoms are brought close together, as in a solid, these discrete energy levels begin to split due to the overlap of electron orbitals from adjacent atoms. This split occurs because of the Pauli exclusion principle, which states...
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Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials
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Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials

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Negative differential thermal resistance through nanoscale solid-fluid-solid sandwiched structures.

Fan Li1, Jun Wang1, Guodong Xia1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P.R. China. jwang@bjut.edu.cn xgd@bjut.edu.cn.

Nanoscale
|July 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a negative differential thermal resistance (NDTR) system using nanoscale fluids. This system suppresses heat flux at high temperature differences due to fluid adsorption, offering insights for thermal device design.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanoscale science
  • Thermal transport phenomena
  • Fluid dynamics

Background:

  • Understanding thermal transport at the nanoscale is crucial for advanced materials and devices.
  • Non-equilibrium phenomena in confined fluids present unique thermal characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and investigate a novel negative differential thermal resistance (NDTR) system.
  • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of NDTR in a nanoscale sandwiched fluid.

Main Methods:

  • Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations.
  • Kinetic theory analyses.
  • Thermodynamic modeling of nanoscale fluid systems.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated heat flux suppression and prohibition in the NDTR system at high temperature gradients.
  • Identified fluid adsorption at the cold solid surface as the primary cause of NDTR.
  • Quantified the increase in total thermal resistance due to reduced free fluid density.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed NDTR system offers a new mechanism for thermal management at the nanoscale.
  • Fluid-surface interactions significantly influence thermal transport in confined systems.
  • Provides a theoretical foundation for designing advanced thermal devices exhibiting negative differential thermal resistance.