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Three-dimensional Alginate-bead Culture of Human Pituitary Adenoma Cells
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Pituitary Adenomas: What Are the Key Features? What Are the Current Treatments? Where Is the Future Taking Us?
Domenico Solari1, Rosario Pivonello2, Chiara Caggiano1
1Division of Neurosurgery, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
Abstract:
Pituitary tumors are a heterogeneous group of lesions (usually benign) and proper understanding of the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the hypothalamic/pituitary region is essential to make an accurate diagnosis and define the essential treatment options (i.e., surgery, medical therapies, and radiotherapy, alone or in combination). Surgery is the primary treatment for acromegaly, Cushing disease, thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting adenomas, resistant prolactinomas, and nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas causing mass effect. Medical and radiation therapy are reserved in cases in which surgery is not possible or does not provide a complete cure. In the last decades, tremendous innovations (i.e., targeted drugs and refined surgical tools and techniques) have expanded the treatment strategies for pituitary adenomas. We herein report the current indications for and depiction of the surgical techniques in pituitary surgery, review current medical treatments, and provide a glimpse of future possibilities.
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