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Hepatitis B in Pregnant Women and their Infants

Alicia M Cryer1, Joanne C Imperial2

  • 1Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Loma Linda Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA.

Clinics in Liver Disease
|July 4, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Chronic hepatitis B affects millions globally, with mother-to-child transmission being the primary route. Prompt post-exposure prophylaxis and vaccination for infants born to infected mothers are crucial for preventing infection.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Chronic hepatitis B is a significant global health issue, impacting 350-400 million people worldwide.
  • Mother-to-child transmission is the predominant mode of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission, with 50% of chronic infections acquired perinatally or in early childhood in endemic regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the challenges in managing hepatitis B virus (HBV) in pregnant individuals.
  • To emphasize the critical importance of timely interventions for infants born to HBV-positive mothers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current epidemiological data on chronic hepatitis B.
  • Analysis of established protocols for preventing perinatal HBV transmission.

Main Results:

  • Mother-to-child transmission is a major driver of chronic hepatitis B prevalence.
  • Effective prevention strategies exist and are critical for reducing the global burden of HBV.

Conclusions:

  • Infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen-positive mothers require immediate postexposure prophylaxis.
  • Hepatitis B immunoglobulin and HBV vaccination within 24 hours of birth, followed by close monitoring, are essential for preventing HBV infection in newborns.

Keywords:
Antiviral therapyChronic hepatitis BMother-to-child transmissionPostexposure prophylaxisPostpartum hepatitis flaresPregnancy

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