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Motile curved bacteria are Pareto-optimal.

Rudi Schuech1, Tatjana Hoehfurtner2, David J Smith3

  • 1School of Life Sciences, Joseph Banks Laboratories, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, United Kingdom; rudi.schuech@gmail.com.

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Bacterial shape evolution is driven by trade-offs between swimming, chemotaxis, and construction costs. Many bacterial species exhibit Pareto-optimal shapes, balancing these essential functions for survival.

Keywords:
evolutionmorphologymotilityshapeswimming

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Area of Science:

  • Microbial Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Curved rod shapes are common in bacteria, but the evolutionary reasons are unclear.
  • Understanding bacterial morphology is key to understanding microbial ecosystems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the selective pressures shaping bacterial morphology.
  • To identify the optimal bacterial shapes balancing key life-history traits.

Main Methods:

  • In silico experiments simulating freely swimming bacteria.
  • Analysis of bacterial performance in swimming, chemotaxis, and construction costs.
  • Comparison of predicted optimal shapes with empirical data.

Main Results:

  • A diversity of Pareto-optimal shapes emerged, including coccoids, straight rods, and curved rods.
  • Most naturally occurring bacterial species fall within these predicted optimal shapes.
  • Evolutionary trade-offs between swimming efficiency, chemotaxis, and construction cost explain observed diversity.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial morphology is shaped by optimizing multiple functions simultaneously.
  • The study reveals fundamental evolutionary trade-offs driving bacterial diversity.
  • This work provides a framework for understanding microbial evolution and adaptation.