Lacrimal drainage system anomalies in microphthalmia anophthalmia coloboma complex

Purpose: To study the prevalence and types of lacrimal drainage system (LDS) anomalies inchildren with congenital microphthalmia anophthalmia coloboma (MAC) complex.Methods: This is a prospective, consecutive, non-comparative, case series of LDS anomalies in 31 children presenting with MAC complex. Previously untreated children with MAC complex, enrolled for socket surface and volume expansion during the study period from January 2017 to April 2018 were included.Results: Thirty-one patients with MAC complex were evaluated for LDS anomalies. Incidence of LDS anomalies in children presenting with MAC complex was 68% (42 of 62 lacrimal systems evaluated). Mean age of the patients at the time of examination under anaesthesia was 27 ± 25 (median 15 months, range 3-108 months). Proximal bicanalicular block (BCB) was the commonest LDS anomaly, noted in 15 (48%) cases. In patients with unilateral ocular disease (n = 20), LDS was affected in 14 (70%) patients and in 9 (45%) patients ipsilateral side LDS was affected. In patients with bilateral ocular disease (n = 11), LDS was affected in 7 (64%) patients. Three patients with unilateral anophthalmos (25%) had an ipsilateral upper canalicular block and contralateral nasolacrimal duct obstruction, of which one patient had a single canalicular wall hypoplasia along with CNLDO. No patient had punctal anomalies.Conclusions: LDS anomalies are seen in nearly two-thirds (68%) of children with MAC complex. The lacrimal drainage system anomaly is not limited to the side of the MAC complex. Commonest LDS anomaly is proximal bicanalicular blocks while punctal anomalies are unusual.