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Related Concept Videos

Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Stem Cell Culture01:17

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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High-throughput Screening for Protein-based Inheritance in S. cerevisiae
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High-throughput stem cell-based phenotypic screening through microniches.

Laura Kolb1, Simone Allazetta, Maria Karlsson

  • 1Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. matthias.lutolf@epfl.ch.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new microgel platform screens protein combinations for stem cell fate. This ultrahigh-throughput system uses engineered cells within microgels to identify effective signaling combinations for tissue engineering applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Screening combinations of signals is crucial for understanding stem cell behavior in tissue engineering.
  • Existing methods lack the throughput to test complex signaling interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an ultrahigh-throughput screening platform for testing combinations of in situ-generated proteins on stem cell fate.
  • To enable precise control over signaling environments for stem cell differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • A microgel-based system encapsulating recombinant cell lines secreting individual glycoproteins.
  • On-chip polymerization to create 'microniches' with specific growth factor combinations.
  • Fluorescence reporters and barcoded RNA sequencing for high-throughput screening and analysis.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated compartmentalization of individual growth factors within microgels.
  • Validated the workflow using a model system with engineered cells and interleukin 4 (IL4) activation.
  • Identified functional 'microniches' based on fluorescence reporter activity.

Conclusions:

  • The developed microgel platform enables ultrahigh-throughput screening of protein combinations for stem cell fate determination.
  • This technology advances the ability to engineer complex signaling environments for regenerative medicine.
  • Provides a powerful tool for discovering novel signaling pathways in stem cell biology.