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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Gardner physics in amorphous solids and beyond.

Ludovic Berthier1, Giulio Biroli2, Patrick Charbonneau3

  • 1Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|July 6, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Gardner transition, a theoretical prediction for spin glasses, is now relevant to materials science by linking glass formation and jamming. Recent advances explore its physical signatures in diverse fields like structural glasses and constraint satisfaction problems.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Computer Science

Background:

  • The Gardner transition was theoretically predicted decades ago for mean-field spin glass models.
  • Its materials relevance was recently established by connecting glass formation and jamming phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To survey recent advances in understanding the Gardner transition.
  • To discuss novel research opportunities arising from these advances.

Main Methods:

  • Review of theoretical predictions and experimental observations.
  • Analysis of connections between spin glasses, structural glasses, and jamming.

Main Results:

  • The Gardner transition has demonstrated significant physical signatures in various systems.
  • Its implications extend from condensed matter physics to computer science problems.

Conclusions:

  • The Gardner transition is a key concept linking diverse scientific domains.
  • Further research holds potential for new discoveries in glass physics and beyond.