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Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.

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Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Antisocial personality disorder is a chronic mental health condition characterized by persistent patterns of disregard for the rights and well-being of others. Individuals with antisocial personality disorder exhibit behaviors that include deceitfulness, impulsivity, irresponsibility, aggression, and a profound lack of empathy. These traits often manifest early in life and persist into adulthood, leading to significant personal, social, and legal consequences.
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Borderline Personality Disorder

Borderline Personality Disorder

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Personality disorders represent enduring cognition, affect, and behavior patterns that significantly deviate from societal norms. These maladaptive traits often lead to difficulties in various domains, including interpersonal relationships, occupational settings, and overall psychological well-being. Paranoid personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder are two distinct conditions marked by odd or eccentric behavior.
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Related Experiment Video

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Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

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Interviewing a Person with Bipolar Disorder Under Involuntary Commitment: A Case Report.

Jakov Gather^1,2, Janice Kalagi¹, Ina Otte²

¹Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.

Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics : JERHRE

|July 6, 2019

Summary

This case report discusses ethical challenges in psychiatric research involving individuals under involuntary commitment. It highlights issues of informed consent and participant vulnerability during interviews on open-door policies.

Keywords:

case report involuntary commitment psychiatry qualitative research research ethics

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Area of Science:

Psychiatry
Bioethics
Clinical Research

Background:

Interview studies on open-door policies in psychiatry can present ethical dilemmas.
Individuals under involuntary commitment may have complex consent capacities and vulnerabilities.

Observation:

A participant with bipolar disorder, initially assessed as competent, experienced increased manic symptoms during an interview.
The distress experienced by the participant raised concerns about her ability to maintain informed consent and the voluntariness of her participation.

Findings:

The case raises critical ethical questions regarding the validity of initial competency assessments in fluctuating mental states.
It questions whether involuntary commitment and symptom exacerbation compromise research participation voluntariness.
The study prompts consideration of participant exclusion versus respecting their expressed wish to continue.

Implications:

Researchers must develop robust protocols for assessing and reassessing participant capacity and voluntariness in vulnerable populations.
Ethical guidelines need to address the complexities of conducting research with individuals under involuntary psychiatric commitment.
This case underscores the importance of ongoing ethical reflection and team consultation when navigating challenging research scenarios.