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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

16.9K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
16.9K
Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

33.3K
Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
33.3K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

129.4K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
129.4K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

48.9K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
48.9K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

20.0K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.0K
Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

86.2K
An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
86.2K

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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

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Ionic-surfactants-based thermotropic liquid crystals.

Zhaohui Huang1, Ping Qi1, Yihan Liu1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, China. songaixin@sdu.edu.cn.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|July 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ionic surfactants are key building blocks for thermotropic liquid crystals (TLCs). This review highlights their design, properties, and applications in areas like optoelectronics and biosensing.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Science
  • Materials Chemistry

Background:

  • Thermotropic liquid crystals (TLCs) exhibit ordered structures within specific temperature ranges.
  • Ionic surfactants, with charged head-groups and alkyl tails, are amphiphilic molecules known for self-assembly.
  • TLCs formed by ionic surfactants are gaining attention for applications in optoelectronics, material transport, separation, smart materials, and biosensing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review thermotropic liquid crystals (TLCs) constructed using ionic surfactants.
  • To discuss the design principles, mesophase influencing factors, and applications of these TLCs.
  • To highlight the role of ionic surfactants in developing advanced functional materials.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on TLCs formed by salt-free catanionic surfactants and ionic surfactants with functional groups (metal ions, nanoclusters, biomolecules, polyelectrolytes).
  • Analysis of design strategies for TLC molecules.
  • Discussion of factors affecting mesophase formation and properties.

Main Results:

  • Ionic surfactants serve as versatile building blocks for creating diverse TLCs.
  • The properties and applications of TLCs are influenced by the choice of ionic surfactant and co-assembling species.
  • TLCs demonstrate potential in optoelectronics, material transport, separation, smart materials, and biosensing.

Conclusions:

  • Ionic surfactants are crucial for the development of tunable TLCs.
  • Further research into improving TLC properties and exploring new applications is warranted.
  • The facile preparation and structural variability of these TLCs promise expanded use in functional materials.