[Research advances in efficient biocatalytic transformation mediated by metal-organic frameworks]

Due to its high selectivity, mild reaction conditions, and environmentally friendly characteristics, biocatalysis has shown important potential in the fields of fine chemical synthesis, bioenergy conversion, and environmental governance. However, biocatalysts, including enzymes and microorganisms, generally have problems such as insufficient stability, easy inactivation, difficult recycling, and poor reusability in practical applications, which seriously limit their industrialization process. Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have gradually become ideal carriers for constructing efficient biocatalytic systems due to their highly ordered pore structure, ultra-high specific surface area, and designable chemical composition. MOFs can not only achieve efficient immobilization of biocatalysts but also significantly improve catalytic performance through confinement effects, microenvironment regulation, and synergistic catalysis. This study systematically reviews the latest research progress of MOFs in the field of biocatalysis, focusing on the structural advantages, biocatalyst compounding strategies, influencing mechanisms of confinement effects on catalytic performance, and typical applications in biosensing, chiral synthesis, biofuels, and environmental remediation. Finally, it makes an outlook on the current challenges and future development directions of MOFs. This review aims to provide a systematic theoretical foundation and research framework for the rational design and performance optimization of MOF-biocatalyst hybrid systems, and to offer guidance for their engineering applications in green manufacturing and sustainable bioprocesses.