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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Matrix-assisted Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation for Remodeling and Repair of Chondral Defects in a Rabbit Model
Published on: May 21, 2013
Gerbode defect formation two decades after tetrology of fallot repair
Paurush Ambesh1, Melissa Hirsch2, Aviva Tobin-Hess1
1Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA.
Abstract:
Although most intracardiac defects are congenital, a small fraction may be acquired during life. The Gerbode defect is an abnormal anatomical connection between the left ventricle and the right atrium. We describe herein a patient who initially underwent repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Years after TOF repair, he developed severe dyspnea. Extensive evaluation revealed that he had developed a Gerbode defect. Very few cases of acquired Gerbode defect have been previously reported. Management options are predominantly surgical interventions.
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