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What is Biodiversity?

What is Biodiversity?

Biodiversity describes the variety of living things at multiple organizational levels: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity. Species diversity includes all branches of the evolutionary tree from single-celled prokaryotic organisms, bacteria, and archaea, to the eukaryotic kingdoms: plants; animals; fungi; and protists. To date, there have been about 1.75 million species identified, and new species are discovered every week.

Threats to Biodiversity

Threats to Biodiversity

There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...

Biodiversity and Human Values

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Human civilization relies on biodiversity in many ways. Sudden changes in species biodiversity result in environmental changes that can modify weather patterns and therefore human civilizations.

What is Conservation Biology?

What is Conservation Biology?

Conservation biology is a scientific field that focuses on the preservation of biodiversity in order to protect ecosystems while meeting the needs of the human population. Humans require properly functioning ecosystems to maintain our supply of natural resources, including food, medicines, and building materials.

Habitat Fragmentation

Habitat Fragmentation

Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.

Keystone Species

Keystone Species

Measures of species biodiversity, such as richness (i.e., the number of species present) and evenness (i.e., their relative abundance), describe an ecological community’s structure. Many factors affect community structure, including abiotic factors (e.g., sunlight and nutrients), disturbances (e.g., fire or flood), species interactions (e.g., predation or competition), and chance events (e.g., foreign species invasion). Certain species—such as keystone species—also play a...

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Biodiversidata: An Open-Access Biodiversity Database for Uruguay.

Florencia Grattarola¹, Germán Botto^2,3,4, Inés da Rosa⁵

¹School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Brayford Campus, Lincoln, United Kingdom School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Brayford Campus Lincoln United Kingdom.

Biodiversity Data Journal

|July 6, 2019

Summary

Uruguay

Keywords:

Amphibia Aves Mammalia Reptilia Biodiversity Species Occurrence Records Tetrapods Uruguay

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Area of Science:

Ecology and Conservation Biology
Biodiversity Informatics
Zoology

Background:

Uruguay's rich Neotropical ecoregions make it a significant biodiversity hotspot.
Poorly understood biodiversity patterns due to data gaps and limited accessibility.
Existing biodiversity data is dispersed and not openly available to the scientific community.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish the first comprehensive, open-access biodiversity database for Uruguay (Biodiversidata).
To consolidate dispersed primary biodiversity data from various researchers and institutions.
To improve understanding of biodiversity distribution patterns in Uruguay.

Main Methods:

Large-scale collaboration among experts across taxonomic groups.
Development of the Biodiversidata database, focusing initially on tetrapods.
Data collation and taxonomic updates for occurrence records.

Main Results:

The first phase presents a comprehensive database of tetrapod occurrence records for Uruguay.
The database contains 69,380 records for 673 species of Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia.
This represents the largest and most comprehensive open-access tetrapod species database for Uruguay.

Conclusions:

Biodiversidata provides crucial primary biodiversity data for Uruguay.
The database serves as the first open repository for Uruguayan biodiversity information.
Facilitates future research and conservation efforts for Uruguayan biodiversity.