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Related Experiment Video

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Fear Incubation Using an Extended Fear-Conditioning Protocol for Rats
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Cortical Excitability Dynamics During Fear Processing.

Venkata C Chirumamilla1, Gabriel Gonzalez-Escamilla1, Nabin Koirala1

  • 1Section of Movement Disorders and Neurostimulation, Biomedical Statistics and Multimodal Signal Processing Unit, Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|July 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) modulated brain activity during fear processing. Increased frontal theta power, linked to stress coping, may serve as a biomarker for mental health disorders.

Keywords:
EEGTMSfunctional connectivityinstructed fear paradigmresilience

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychophysiology

Background:

  • Cortical excitability in the prefrontal cortex during human fear processing remains poorly understood.
  • This study investigated modulating prefrontal cortex excitability during fear using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To transiently modulate and assess cortical excitability in the prefrontal cortex during fear processing.
  • To investigate the role of theta and alpha brain oscillations in fear responses.
  • To explore the relationship between cortical excitability, fear processing, and stress coping mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted: one without TMS and one with TMS applied to the right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC).
  • Participants underwent EEG recordings during an instructed fear paradigm (CS+ paired with shock, CS- unpaired).
  • Structural MRI was used for participant matching; cortical excitability was assessed via time-frequency analysis and functional connectivity (WPLI), linked to stress coping markers.

Main Results:

  • Fear cues (CS+) increased frontal theta power and decreased occipital alpha power compared to neutral cues (CS-).
  • TMS over dmPFC enhanced these effects, increasing frontal theta and decreasing occipital alpha power during CS+.
  • TMS modulated information flow between sensorimotor, prefrontal, and occipital regions in theta and alpha bands during fear processing.
  • Pre-stimulation frontal theta power predicted the magnitude of TMS-induced changes.
  • Increased frontal theta power during fear was positively correlated with stress coping behavior.

Conclusions:

  • TMS over dmPFC effectively modulated regional cortical excitability and fronto-occipital information flow during fear.
  • Pre-stimulation frontal theta power determined the efficacy of TMS modulation.
  • Frontal theta power shows potential as a biomarker for fear processing and stress-coping, with possible clinical applications for mental disorders.