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Related Concept Videos

Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
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Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Derivation and Differentiation of Canine Ovarian Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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Perivascular-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

V Yianni1, P T Sharpe1

  • 11 Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.

Journal of Dental Research
|July 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pericytes are tissue-specific mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) precursors. Their precommitment drives MSC differentiation, impacting tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.

Keywords:
epigeneticsmesenchymal stromal cellpericytesperivascular stem cellregenerationtissue repair

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Author Spotlight: Isolation and Identification of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Adipose Tissue of Sprague Dawley Rats
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from adult tissues can differentiate into various cell types, making them valuable for regenerative medicine.
  • Pericytes are emerging as a key in vivo source of MSC precursors across different organs.
  • Understanding pericyte differentiation potential and regulatory mechanisms is crucial for tissue engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether pericytes from different tissues possess equal differentiation potential.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms governing mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation.
  • To determine if pericytes are tissue-specific, precommitted MSC precursors.

Main Methods:

  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) to analyze histone modifications and gene regulation.
  • RNA sequencing to characterize gene expression profiles of different pericyte populations.
  • Enrichment analysis to identify overrepresented genes related to specific cell fates.

Main Results:

  • Dental pulp pericytes showed a transcriptionally permissive state for the odontoblast-specific gene Dspp.
  • Bone marrow pericytes had the osteoblast-specific gene Runx2 primed for expression.
  • RNA sequencing revealed dental pulp pericytes are precommitted to an odontoblast fate.
  • ChIP-seq identified the Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 component RING1B as a potential inhibitor of inappropriate differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Pericytes can act as tissue-specific, precommitted mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) precursors in vivo.
  • This intrinsic precommitment is a significant factor regulating MSC differentiation.
  • Findings advance understanding of MSC origins and differentiation for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.