Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Forming Giant-sized Polymersomes Using Gel-assisted Rehydration
Published on: May 26, 2016
A nano-sized gel-in-oil suspension for transcutaneous protein delivery
Safrina Dyah Hardiningtyas1, Seiya Nagao2, Emiko Yamamoto2
1Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
Abstract:
We developed a new oil-based delivery system for transdermal protein delivery, a gel-in-oil (G/O) nanosuspension, where gelatin-based hydrogel was coated with hydrophobic surfactants. The high entrapment efficiency of a model protein, phycocyanin (PC), into nano-sized gelatin hydrogel particles was achieved. Spectroscopic evaluation of PC suggested that the G/O nanosuspension could retain the functional form of PC in isopropyl myristate. In vitro skin permeation studies showed that the G/O nanosuspension facilitated the delivery of PC through the stratum corneum of Yucatan micropig skin.
Related Concept Videos
Colloids and Suspensions
Cell Size
Surface Area
Cells can take in nutrients and water via diffusion through the plasma membrane itself or through specific channels in the membrane. The area of the membrane surrounding...
Design Example: Flow of Oil Through Circular Pipes
Brick Sizes
Modular bricks are the most common type and are sized to include the mortar joint, which is essential for...
Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis
The first dimension separation uses the isoelectric focusing or IEF technique performed on immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips that separate proteins according to their isoelectric points.
Biological samples, such...
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

