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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Related Experiment Video

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Long Non-Coding RNAs in Kidney Disease.

Michael Ignarski1,2, Rashidul Islam1,2, Roman-Ulrich Müller3,4,5

  • 1Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), crucial RNA molecules, play diverse roles in cellular biology and disease. This review explores their function and therapeutic potential in kidney diseases.

Keywords:
AKIacute kidney injurydiabetic nephropathyglomeruluskidneylncRNAlong non-coding RNAmiRNApodocyte

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Non-coding RNAs constitute over 90% of cellular transcripts.
  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are defined as RNA molecules longer than 200 nucleotides with no protein-coding potential.
  • lncRNAs exhibit diverse molecular functions, including regulation of gene expression and epigenetic modifications, and display tissue-specific expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a concise overview of current knowledge on lncRNAs.
  • To discuss the role of lncRNAs in glomerular and tubulointerstitial kidney diseases.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of lncRNAs in human diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent publications on lncRNAs in kidney disease.
  • Synthesis of information on lncRNA function, expression, and involvement in renal pathology.
  • Analysis of the therapeutic implications of lncRNAs in kidney disorders.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs are increasingly recognized for their significant roles in cellular processes.
  • Emerging evidence highlights the involvement of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases.
  • lncRNAs demonstrate potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in renal conditions.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are key players in cellular biology with implications for health and disease.
  • Further research into lncRNAs in kidney disease may uncover novel therapeutic strategies.
  • lncRNAs represent a promising frontier for the development of future therapies for kidney disorders.