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The brainstem, located inferior to the brain and superior to the spinal cord, serves as a bridge between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It plays a vital role in relaying information and controlling critical life functions. It comprises three primary regions: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
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The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
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In Ovo Electroporation in the Chicken Auditory Brainstem
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Auditory brainstem response.

Jos J Eggermont1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|July 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Auditory brainstem response (ABR) measures neural pathway function. Abnormalities in ABR latencies and amplitudes can indicate neurological disorders affecting the brainstem auditory pathways.

Keywords:
Auditory neuropathyBell's palsyDuane retraction syndromeEncephalomyopathyMaturationMigraineMultiple sclerosisMénière's diseaseVestibular schwannoma

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Audiology

Background:

  • The auditory brainstem response (ABR) is a neurophysiological test that measures the electrical activity of the auditory pathway from the cochlea to the midbrain.
  • ABR is sensitive to factors affecting neural conduction velocity and synchrony, making it useful for diagnosing brainstem auditory pathway disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the utility of ABR in assessing brainstem auditory pathway function.
  • To correlate ABR abnormalities with specific neurological disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of ABR wave latencies and amplitudes.
  • Identification of patterns associated with maturation and neurological conditions.

Main Results:

  • Maturation leads to increased conduction velocity and ABR wave synchrony.
  • Neurological disorders causing neural dyssynchrony or slowed conduction result in decreased ABR peak amplitudes or increased interwave latencies.
  • Specific disorders like auditory neuropathy, vestibular schwannoma, Gaucher disease, Krabbe disease, Bell's palsy, and Duane retraction syndrome show characteristic ABR alterations.

Conclusions:

  • ABR is a valuable tool for assessing brainstem auditory pathway integrity.
  • ABR findings can help differentiate between normal maturation and pathological conditions affecting neural conduction and synchrony.