In Vitro and In Vivo Efficiency of Extenders Added to Thawed Stallion Semen

F Abm Sales1, J C Ferreira-Silva1, J I Vieira1

  • 1Laboratório de Biotécnicas Reprodutivas, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brasil.

Cryo Letters
|July 7, 2019
PubMed
Abstract

Related Concept Videos

Sperm Structure and Semen Composition01:22

Sperm Structure and Semen Composition

During ejaculation, males release around 2-5 milliliters of semen, which is a complex mixture of mature sperm and various fluids produced by accessory glands. The mature sperm cells measure approximately 60 micrometers in length and consist of a head, neck, midpiece, and tail. The head is flattened and tapered, measuring about 4 to 5 micrometers in length. It contains a nucleus with condensed chromosomes and an acrosome, a cap-like structure filled with enzymes essential for penetrating the...
10.7K
Equivalence: In Vitro and In Vivo Bioequivalence01:17

Equivalence: In Vitro and In Vivo Bioequivalence

Body:Bioequivalence studies are crucial in evaluating whether new drugs can match an approved one regarding pharmacological effects and clinical performance. These studies test if drugs, despite different dosage forms, share identical plasma concentration-time profiles. Three types of equivalence are central to these studies: chemical, pharmaceutical, and therapeutic. Chemical equivalence indicates that two or more drug products contain identical active ingredients in equal amounts.
219
Gravitational Potential Energy for Extended Objects01:07

Gravitational Potential Energy for Extended Objects

Consider a system comprising several point masses. The coordinates of the center of mass for this system can be expressed as the summation of the product of each mass and its position vector divided by the total mass:
1.9K
Drug Product Performance: In Vitro–In Vivo Correlation01:20

Drug Product Performance: In Vitro–In Vivo Correlation

In pharmaceutical development, it's crucial to establish a predictive in vitro–in vivo correlation (IVIVC) for two or more formulations to gain a comprehensive understanding of release properties. IVIVC reduces the need for costly in vivo studies and facilitates the establishment of meaningful dissolution specifications with significant cost savings and decreased regulatory burden. Furthermore, a meaningful IVIVC should predict Cmax and AUC within 20%, aligning with FDA guidance while...
251
Production Efficiency01:01

Production Efficiency

Net production efficiency (NPE) is the efficiency at which organisms assimilate energy into biomass for the next trophic level. Due to low metabolic rates and less energy spent on thermoregulatory processes, the NPE of ectotherms (cold-blooded animals) is 10 times higher than endotherms (warm-blooded animals).
18.2K
Trophic Efficiency00:46

Trophic Efficiency

Trophic level transfer efficiency (TLTE) is a measure of the total energy transfer from one trophic level to the next. Due to extensive energy loss as metabolic heat, an average of only 10% of the original energy obtained is passed on to the next level. This pattern of energy loss severely limits the possible number of trophic levels in a food chain.
25.0K