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Related Experiment Video

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A Mouse Model for Pathogen-induced Chronic Inflammation at Local and Systemic Sites
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Systemic inflammation linking chronic periodontitis to cognitive decline.

Rachel Pei-Hsuan Wang1, Yuen-Shan Ho2, Wai Keung Leung3

  • 1Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
|July 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Chronic inflammation impacts the brain, potentially worsening Alzheimer's Disease (AD). This review explores how periodontitis, an oral inflammatory disease, may contribute to neuroinflammation and AD progression.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseaseBBB permeabilityCognitive dysfunctionsNeuroinflammationPeriodontitisSystemic inflammation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Persistent systemic inflammation can negatively affect the central nervous system (CNS).
  • Neuroinflammation accelerates neuronal dysfunction during aging.
  • Chronic inflammatory diseases may offer a strategy to prevent or modify Alzheimer's Disease (AD) progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential link between periodontitis and Alzheimer's Disease (AD).
  • To discuss the impact of periodontitis on CNS homeostasis and inflammation.
  • To explore periodontitis as a pathophysiological factor in AD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological findings on periodontitis and cognitive decline.
  • Discussion of potential pathways for periodontopathogens, immune cells, and cytokines to reach the CNS.
  • Analysis of periodontitis's role in CNS homeostasis and inflammation.

Main Results:

  • Epidemiological studies suggest an association between chronic periodontitis and cognitive decline.
  • The causal relationship between periodontitis and cognitive decline remains unclear.
  • Periodontopathogens, systemic immune cells, and inflammatory cytokines may reach the CNS.

Conclusions:

  • Periodontitis, a common chronic inflammatory disease in the elderly, may influence CNS inflammation.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate pathological pathways in periodontitis-induced cerebral infections and inflammation.
  • Understanding the role of periodontitis-induced inflammation is crucial for AD progression research.