Thermoelectric power generation: from new materials to devices

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Energy Conversion
• Solid State Physics

Background:

• Thermoelectric technology enables direct conversion between heat and electricity.
• Recent material discoveries have significantly improved thermoelectric efficiency.
• This technology is crucial for developing sustainable energy solutions and a low-carbon future.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review promising advances in thermoelectric materials for device implementation.
• To focus on the potential of these materials in thermoelectric power generation.
• To discuss future directions and challenges in the field.

Main Methods:

• Classification of thermoelectric materials based on operating temperature.
• Summary of state-of-the-art thermoelectric modules and devices.
• Highlighting nanostructured lead telluride (PbTe) modules.

Main Results:

• Identification of promising thermoelectric materials for future devices.
• Demonstration of high-performance thermoelectric modules, especially nanostructured PbTe.
• Analysis of key challenges and strategic pathways for advancing thermoelectric power generation.

Conclusions:

• Thermoelectric materials are advancing rapidly, offering higher conversion efficiencies.
• Nanostructured PbTe modules represent a leading technology for practical applications.
• Addressing current challenges is key to realizing the full potential of thermoelectric power generation.