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Review: extended lactation in dairy cattle.

J Sehested1, C Gaillard1, J O Lehmann2

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|July 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Extended lactation (EXT) in dairy cows can improve lifetime milk production and efficiency, especially in younger animals. This strategy may also reduce environmental impact and maintain farmer profitability, though reproductive effects are inconsistent.

Keywords:
H. SauerweinR. M. Bruckmaierherd scenarioslifetime scenariosmilk productionmilk qualityreproduction

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Dairy Husbandry
  • Agricultural Economics

Background:

  • Extended lactation (EXT) is a management strategy in dairy cattle with potential impacts on various farm metrics.
  • Understanding the multifaceted effects of EXT is crucial for optimizing dairy farm sustainability and profitability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of extended lactation (EXT) in dairy cattle.
  • To assess impacts on milk production, reproduction, milk quality, lifetime performance, economics, and environmental footprint.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of extended lactation strategies in dairy cattle.
  • Analysis of effects on milk yield, persistency, reproduction, milk quality, and cow longevity.
  • Evaluation of economic and environmental implications at herd and farm levels.

Main Results:

  • Primiparous cows show increased milk yield per feeding day with EXT; multiparous results are variable.
  • EXT can enhance lifetime milk production and maintain or improve milk quality.
  • Reproductive effects are generally neutral to slightly positive; EXT reduces calvings, diseases, and replacement needs.

Conclusions:

  • Extended lactation offers potential benefits for lifetime cow performance, farm economics, and reduced environmental impact, particularly through reduced beef production.
  • Optimal EXT durations vary by parity, with modeling suggesting 16 months for first lactation and 10 months for subsequent lactations.
  • Further research on cow selection, milking frequency, and feeding strategies is needed to support wider EXT adoption.