Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What is an Electrochemical Gradient?01:26

What is an Electrochemical Gradient?

127.4K
Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is considered the primary energy source in cells. However, energy can also be stored in the electrochemical gradient of an ion across the plasma membrane, which is determined by two factors: its chemical and electrical gradients.
The chemical gradient relies on differences in the abundance of a substance on the outside versus the inside of a cell and flows from areas of high to low ion concentration. In contrast, the electrical gradient revolves around an...
127.4K
Moisture Content and Bulking of Aggregate01:10

Moisture Content and Bulking of Aggregate

424
The moisture content of aggregates is a crucial factor in construction, particularly in concrete mixing, as it influences the total water required in the mix. Moisture content represents the water coated on the exterior surface of the aggregate existing in a saturated and surface-dry condition. The total water content of a moist aggregate is the sum of its moisture content and water absorption.
When aggregates are exposed to rain or sit in stockpiles, they absorb moisture, which must be...
424
Energy Line and Hydraulic Gradient Line01:27

Energy Line and Hydraulic Gradient Line

2.1K
Based on Bernoulli's equation, the energy line (EL) and hydraulic grade line (HGL) provide graphical representations of energy distribution in a fluid flow system. For steady, incompressible, inviscid flows, Bernoulli's equation is expressed as:
2.1K
Gradient and Del Operator01:14

Gradient and Del Operator

4.4K
In mathematics and physics, the gradient and del operator are fundamental concepts used to describe the behavior of functions and fields in space. The gradient is a mathematical operator that gives both the magnitude and direction of the maximum spatial rate of change. Consider a person standing on a mountain. The slope of the mountain at any given point is not defined unless it is quantified in a particular direction. For this reason, a "directional derivative" is defined, which is a vector...
4.4K
Dynamic Equilibrium02:20

Dynamic Equilibrium

62.0K
A reversible chemical reaction represents a chemical process that proceeds in both forward (left to right) and reverse (right to left) directions. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the concentrations of the reactant and product species remain constant over time and the system is at equilibrium. A special double arrow is used to emphasize the reversible nature of the reaction. The relative concentrations of reactants and products in equilibrium systems vary greatly;...
62.0K
Electrochemical Gradient and Channel Proteins: An Overview01:21

Electrochemical Gradient and Channel Proteins: An Overview

4.4K
An electrochemical gradient is a fundamental concept in biology and chemistry. It regulates the movement of ions across cell membranes. This movement is influenced by two factors:
The electrical gradient: The electrical gradient across cell membranes refers to the difference in electric charge between the inside and outside of a cell.  This difference drives the movement of ions towards or away from the cells. For instance, if the inside of the cell is more negatively charged relative to...
4.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Vertebrate Genomes Project Phase I: A global reference genome resource.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Hyperdominance and Rarity in Amazonian Secondary Forests.

Global change biology·2026
Same author

Use of Marasmius neocrinis-equi rhizomorphs in the construction of towiri (Psarocolius decumanus) nests in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias·2026
Same author

Comparative synthesis of tandem repeats in the control region of Epinephelus mitogenomes (Peciformes: Epinephelidae).

Genetics and molecular biology·2026
Same author

Mid-late Pleistocene evolution of fluvial landscapes in Central Amazonia: Shaping ecosystems and areas of endemism.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Draft assemblies for 177 bird species enhance genus-level coverage.

GigaScience·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Thermal Imaging to Study Stress Non-invasively in Unrestrained Birds
10:07

Thermal Imaging to Study Stress Non-invasively in Unrestrained Birds

Published on: November 6, 2015

14.0K

A dynamic continental moisture gradient drove Amazonian bird diversification.

Sofia Marques Silva1,2,3, A Townsend Peterson4, Lincoln Carneiro1,2,5

  • 1Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Coordenação de Zoologia, Caixa Postal 399, 66040-170 Belém, Pará, Brazil.

Science Advances
|July 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Amazonian birds diversified due to climate shifts and evolving rivers. Older lineages in wetter regions influenced newer ones in drier areas, explaining diversity patterns.

More Related Videos

A Push-pull Protocol to Reduce Colonization of Bird Nest Boxes by Honey Bees
06:03

A Push-pull Protocol to Reduce Colonization of Bird Nest Boxes by Honey Bees

Published on: September 4, 2016

9.1K
In Situ Soil Moisture Sensors in Undisturbed Soils
08:20

In Situ Soil Moisture Sensors in Undisturbed Soils

Published on: November 18, 2022

7.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Thermal Imaging to Study Stress Non-invasively in Unrestrained Birds
10:07

Thermal Imaging to Study Stress Non-invasively in Unrestrained Birds

Published on: November 6, 2015

14.0K
A Push-pull Protocol to Reduce Colonization of Bird Nest Boxes by Honey Bees
06:03

A Push-pull Protocol to Reduce Colonization of Bird Nest Boxes by Honey Bees

Published on: September 4, 2016

9.1K
In Situ Soil Moisture Sensors in Undisturbed Soils
08:20

In Situ Soil Moisture Sensors in Undisturbed Soils

Published on: November 18, 2022

7.4K

Area of Science:

  • Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
  • Biogeography
  • Ornithology

Background:

  • The Amazon rainforest is a biodiversity hotspot crucial for understanding speciation.
  • Previous research highlighted rivers and Pleistocene climate change as drivers of diversification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a new model of Amazonian biological diversification.
  • To investigate the interplay of climate and riverine barriers in shaping species distribution.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogeographic analysis of 23 upland terra firme forest bird lineages.
  • Paleodistributional projections using niche-based modeling.

Main Results:

  • A dominant pattern emerged: older lineages in western/northern Amazon (wetter) diversified into newer lineages in southern/eastern Amazon (drier).
  • Climate-driven refugial dynamics interact with dynamic riverine barriers.
  • This interaction links landscape evolution with biotic diversification.

Conclusions:

  • The study presents a novel model integrating climate and river dynamics for Amazonian diversification.
  • This model explains the observed east-west gradients in biodiversity across the Amazon basin.