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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Structures of Solids02:22

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

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Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
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A Method to Study the C924T Polymorphism of the Thromboxane A2 Receptor Gene
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Two new polymorphs and one dihydrate of lenalidomide: solid-state characterization study.

Lina Jia1, Zhonghua Li1, Junbo Gong1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin , P. R. China.

Pharmaceutical Development and Technology
|July 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered new crystal forms of lenalidomide (LDM), a key drug for multiple myeloma. One new form shows improved stability and faster dissolution, offering new development and intellectual property opportunities.

Keywords:
Lenalidomidephase transformationphysicochemical propertiespolymorphpowder dissolutionstability

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Lenalidomide (LDM) is a significant pharmaceutical agent for treating multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
  • The drug generated substantial revenue, highlighting its market importance and the need for further research into its solid forms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To expand the known crystal forms of lenalidomide.
  • To characterize the physicochemical properties of novel lenalidomide solid forms.
  • To investigate potential solid-state transformations and their impact on drug properties.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive solid-state screening was employed to discover new forms.
  • Techniques including PXRD, TGA, DSC, solid-state NMR, and IR spectroscopy were used for characterization.
  • Dissolution behavior was assessed using powder dissolution tests.

Main Results:

  • Two new anhydrous forms (α and β) and one new dihydrate (DH) form of lenalidomide were identified.
  • The novel DH form demonstrated superior stability under accelerated conditions and in various organic solvents.
  • The α form exhibited enhanced early-phase dissolution rates and increased apparent solubility compared to the marketed form.

Conclusions:

  • The newly discovered lenalidomide forms present novel pharmaceutical properties.
  • These forms offer potential for new drug development initiatives.
  • The findings also suggest opportunities for intellectual property related to these new solid forms.