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Thyroid Hormone Action and Energy Expenditure
Sahzene Yavuz1, Silvia Salgado Nunez Del Prado1, Francesco S Celi1
1Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
Journal of the Endocrine Society
|July 10, 2019
Summary
Thyroid hormones significantly impact energy expenditure and metabolism. This review clarifies their role in health, disease, and the effects of hormone replacement therapy on energy balance.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Physiology
Background:
- Thyroid hormones are crucial regulators of energy metabolism, influencing nearly all pathways.
- Thyroid hormone receptors are widespread, affecting multiple systems throughout life.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the clinical relevance of thyroid hormone action in normal physiology and disorders.
- To examine the effects of thyroid hormone therapy on energy expenditure.
- To explore how energy status changes influence the thyroid hormone axis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on thyroid hormone action and energy metabolism.
- Analysis of historical and current methods for assessing thyroid hormone effects.
- Synthesis of data on subclinical thyroid dysfunction and hormone replacement therapy.
Main Results:
- Thyroid hormones modulate all components of energy expenditure.
- Clinical assessment evolved from energy expenditure measurements to immunoassays.
- Controversy exists regarding moderate thyroid dysfunction's impact on energy expenditure and weight.
Conclusions:
- Thyroid hormone action is vital in energy homeostasis.
- Further research is needed on subclinical dysfunction and therapy effects on energy expenditure and body weight.
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