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Reverse Dissection and DiceCT Reveal Otherwise Hidden Data in the Evolution of the Primate Face
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Morphological integration affects the evolution of midline cranial base, lateral basicranium, and face across

Dimitri Neaux1,2,3, Stephen Wroe2, Justin A Ledogar4

  • 1Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique: Sociétés, Pratiques et Environnements (AASPE), UMR 7209, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle-CNRS, Paris, France.

American Journal of Physical Anthropology
|July 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Primate cranial shape shows significant integration between the basicranium and face, with brain size influencing midline basicranium. This contrasts with unique hominid cranial organization, highlighting evolutionary diversity.

Keywords:
endocraniumgeometric morphometricsmodularityskull

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Area of Science:

  • Primate Paleontology
  • Comparative Anatomy
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The primate basicranium and face exhibit diverse morphology.
  • In hominids, the basicranium comprises midline (brain size-influenced) and lateral (face-associated) modules.
  • Previous studies suggest modular independence within hominid cranial structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate morphological integration across primate craniofacial structures.
  • To determine if hominid-specific cranial modularity is conserved in other primates.
  • To assess the impact of evolutionary pressures on primate cranial diversity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 3D landmark data from 143 primate computed tomography scans across six clades.
  • Employed phylogenetically informed partial least squares analyses.
  • Applied phylogenetic generalized least squares models to assess covariation.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed significant integration between the lateral basicranium and face.
  • Found significant integration between the midline basicranium and face.
  • Identified a significant correlation between midline basicranium and endocranial volume, but not lateral basicranium.

Conclusions:

  • Primate craniofacial structures exhibit pervasive integration, differing from hominid-specific modularity.
  • Endocranial volume significantly influences midline basicranium shape across primates.
  • Brain size plays a crucial role in shaping the midline cranial base in primates.