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Probing the Unruh effect with an accelerated extended system.

Cesar A Uliana Lima1, Frederico Brito1, José A Hoyos1

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The Unruh effect shows that accelerated observers perceive the vacuum as a thermal state. This study confirms this for extended systems, proving vacuum thermalization for accelerated observers.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Field Theory
  • Thermodynamics
  • Relativity

Background:

  • The Unruh effect posits that vacuum states appear thermal to uniformly accelerated observers.
  • Recent challenges question the Unruh effect's validity for extended systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the thermalization of extended systems in uniform acceleration.
  • To address doubts regarding the physical reality of the Unruh effect for extended systems.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the dynamics of an extended system under uniform acceleration in a vacuum.
  • Calculation of the reduced density matrix for the system.

Main Results:

  • The reduced density matrix evolves into a Gibbs thermal state.
  • The local temperature is confirmed to be the Unruh temperature, dependent on proper acceleration.
  • This demonstrates that the vacuum acts as a thermal reservoir for accelerated extended systems.

Conclusions:

  • The Unruh effect is valid for extended systems, confirming vacuum thermalization.
  • The vacuum state effectively induces thermalization in accelerated extended systems.
  • This validates the physical reality of the Unruh effect for realistic, extended systems.