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Communication between two animals occurs when one animal transmits an information signal that causes a change in the animal that receives the information. Organisms communicate with one another in a host of different ways. Signals can be auditory, chemical, visual, tactile, or a combination of these. Communication is a critical behavioral adaptation that promotes survival, growth, and reproduction.
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Collective intercellular communication through ultra-fast hydrodynamic trigger waves.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cellular Biology
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Biophysical sensor-actuator relationships are crucial for life.
  • Aquatic organisms rely on rapid responses to stimuli for survival.
  • Protists like Spirostomum ambiguum exhibit complex behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discover and characterize novel signaling mechanisms in cellular communities.
  • To investigate the rapid propagation of information in Spirostomum ambiguum.
  • To understand the biophysical basis of collective cell behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Observation of Spirostomum ambiguum contractions and flow generation.
  • Development of a high-throughput suction-flow device to probe mechanosensitivity.
  • Quantitative modeling using antenna and percolation theory.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of 'hydrodynamic trigger waves' propagating much faster than cell swimming speed.
  • Demonstration that cellular contractions generate long-ranged vortex flows triggering neighbors.
  • Identification of a critical colony density for sustained collective communication via a phase transition.

Conclusions:

  • Hydrodynamic trigger waves enable ultra-fast communication in Spirostomum ambiguum.
  • This signaling mechanism can organize communities and influence behavior.
  • Similar mechanisms may be employed by other aquatic organisms.