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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Synthesis of Near-Infrared Emitting Gold Nanoclusters for Biological Applications
Published on: March 22, 2020
Two-photon absorption and photoluminescence of colloidal gold nanoparticles and nanoclusters
Joanna Olesiak-Banska1, Magdalena Waszkielewicz, Patryk Obstarczyk
1Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland. joanna.olesiak@pwr.edu.pl.
Abstract:
This review provides a comprehensive description of nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of gold nanoparticles, which can be used in biological applications. The main focus is placed on two-photon absorption (2PA) and two-photon excited photoluminescence (2PEL) - the processes crucial for multiphoton microscopy, which allows deeper imaging of the material and causes less damage to the biological samples in comparison to conventional (one-photon) microscopy. We present the basics of 2PA measurement techniques and a summary of recent achievements in the understanding of multiphoton excitation and the resulting photoluminescence in gold nanoparticles, both plasmonic ones and small nanoclusters with molecule-like properties. The examples of 2PA applications in bioimaging are also presented, with a comment on future challenges and applications.
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